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praxis

Theurgy

Iamblichean ritual practice that engages the gods directly through consecrated material symbols and actions, on the premise that divine power descends into properly prepared matter — distinct from philosophical contemplation alone.

561 passages · 14 traditions
greek_mystery: 104 passagesgreek_mystery104neoplatonism: 99 passagesneoplatonism99egyptian: 89 passagesegyptian89finnic: 85 passagesfinnic85western_esoteric: 82 passageswestern_esoteric82gnosticism: 30 passagesgnosticism30celtic: 21 passagesceltic21renaissance_hermeticism: 20 passagesrenaissance_hermeticism20jewish_mysticism: 11 passagesjewish_mysticism11hermeticism: 7 passageshermeticism7christian_mysticism: 5 passageschristian_mysticism5mesopotamian: 3 passagesmesopotamian3norse: 3 passagesnorse3platonism: 2 passagesplatonism2
greek_mystery104
Orphic Hymns | Front Matter, p. 3 (part 2)
Hence, in the vision of Herus Pamphilius, in Plato, the soul of Orpheus, being destined to descend into another body, is reported to have chosen rather that of a swan than to be born again of a woman; having conceived such hatred against th…”
Orphic Hymns | Front Matter, p. 4 (part 8)
43 these unnatural habits." As, therefore, it is not wonderful that the greatest part of those who inhabit a pestiferous region, should languish and decline, but that a very few should preserve their natural strength; so we ought not to won…”
Orphic Hymns | Front Matter, p. 4 (part 9)
For we preserve as sacred to those divinities, a perpetual fire in our temples; since this element is most similar to their lucid frames. But with respect to fumigations from herbs produced by the earth, they called the censer or pan, in w…”
Orphic Hymns | Front Matter, p. 4 (part 10)
For in this solemnity grass is carried about, enwrapping the kernels of olives, attended with figs, all kinds of pulse, oaken boughs or acorns, the fruit of the strawberry, wheat, and barley, a mass of dried figs, cakes composed from the me…”
Orphic Hymns | Front Matter, p. 4 (part 11)
As the husbandman, therefore, performs sacred rites, by presenting handfuls of pulse and fruits, so ought we to sacrifice our purest thoughts, and other goods of the soul, thanking the divinities for the sublime contemplations they afford u…”
Orphic Hymns | Front Matter, p. 4 (part 12)
But to the other Gods, to the world, and to the erratic and fixed stars, composed from body and soul, and to the visible divinities, testimonials of gratitude are to be offered by sacrificing with inanimate substances. After these there re…”
Orphic Hymns | Front Matter, p. 5 (part 1)
SECT. III. BUT it is now time to speak of the following Hymns, of which, as we have before observed, Onomacritus is the reputed author. And first, with regard to the dialect of these Hymns, Gesner well observes it ought to be no objectio…”
Orphic Hymns | Front Matter, p. 5 (part 2)
90 modern than the above period, as it must have been so easy to detect the forgery, from the original initiations which were even extant at the time in which Suidas lived. In the former part of this Dissertation, we asserted that we shoul…”
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neoplatonism99
Iamblichus: On the Mysteries | Chapter II
We shall, therefore, deliver to you the peculiar dogmas of the Assyrians; and also clearly develop to you our own opinions; collecting some things from the infinite writings of the ancients, but others from those particulars which were comp…”
Iamblichus: On the Mysteries | Chapter VIIIb
Hence, through these things such a corporeal-formed division as you introduce, is demonstrated to be false. It is, indeed, especially necessary not to propose any thing of this kind; but if this should appear to you to be requisite, yet yo…”
Iamblichus: On the Mysteries | Chapter IXa
I consider you, therefore, as asking, for it is your inquiry, “ Why, since the Gods dwell in the heavens alone, there are invocations by theurgists of terrestrial and subterranean Gods? ” For 45 what you assert in the beginning is not true…”
Iamblichus: On the Mysteries | Chapter IXb
For in things which are of a kindred nature, according to essence and power, or which are, in a certain respect, of the same species, or homogeneous, a certain comprehension, or conservation, may be discovered. But in such things as are en…”
Iamblichus: On the Mysteries | Chapter XIa
“ How therefore ,” you ask, “ are many things performed to them in sacred operations, as if they were passive? ” I reply, that this is asserted through an ignorance of sacerdotal mysticism. For of the things which are perpetually effected…”
Iamblichus: On the Mysteries | Chapter XII
You also say, “ that invocations are directed to the Gods as to beings that are passive, so that not only dæmons are passive, but likewise the Gods .” This, however, is not the case. For the illumination which takes place through invocation…”
Iamblichus: On the Mysteries | Chapter XIV
Farther still, with respect to “ what are called the necessities of the Gods ,” the whole truth of this is, that necessities are peculiar to, and subsist in such a way as accords with the nature of, the Gods. [34] Hence they do not subsist…”
Iamblichus: On the Mysteries | Chapter XVa
After this, you pass on to another division into contraries, viz. the division of Gods with reference to dæmons. For you say, “ that the Gods are pure intellects ;” but you propose this opinion as an hypothesis, or you narrate it as a dog…”
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egyptian89
The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani) | Chapter 4 (part 21)
If the name of Nut flourisheth in the temple of Shenth in Annu, the name of Pepi shall flourish, and this pyramid shall flourish, and this his work shall endure to all eternity. If the name of Osiris flourisheth in This, the name of Pepi s…”
The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani) | Chapter 4 (part 25)
Vignette: The deceased being weighed against his heart in the balance in the presence of Osiris, "the great god, the prince of eternity." Chapter XXXI. The Chapter of repulsing the crocodile which cometh to carry the magical words ### from…”
The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani) | Chapter 4 (part 26)
The Chapter of not going in to the divine block a second time. Vignette: A man standing with his back to the block.[1] Chapter LI. The Chapter of not walking upside down in the underworld. Vignette: A man standing. Chapter LII.* The Cha…”
The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani) | Chapter 4 (part 28)
The Chapter of bringing a boat in the underworld. Vignette: A boat. Chapter C. The Chapter of making perfect the khu , and of making it to enter into the boat of Ra, together with his divine followers. Vignette: A boat containing a comp…”
The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani) | Chapter 4 (part 30)
It shall be recited on the ninth day of the festival. Vignette: The deceased making offerings before a god. Chapter CXLIV. The Chapter of going in. Vignette: Seven pylons. Chapter CXLV A . [Without title.] This Chapter has no vignette…”
The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani) | Chapter 5 (part 3)
When Isis heard of this she went to Byblos, and, gaining admittance to the palace through the report of the royal maidens, she was made nurse to one of the king's sons, Instead of nursing the child in the ordinary way, Isis gave him her fin…”
The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani) | Chapter 6 (part 5)
nuk sah em ba-f I am a sah with his soul.[3] In the late edition of the Book of the Dead published by Lepsius the deceased is said to " look upon his body and to rest upon his sahu ,"[4] and souls are said "to enter into their sahu ";[5] an…”
The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani) | Chapter 6 (part 6)
Maspero explained to the Members of the Congress of Lyons the views which he held concerning this word, and which he had for the past five years been teaching in the Collège de France, and said, "le ka est une sorte de double de la personne…”
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finnic85
The Kalevala | Rune IId
Down from heaven came the eagle, Through the air be came a-flying, That he might this thing consider; And he spake the words that follow: "Wherefore, ancient Wainamoinen, Hast thou left the slender birch-tree, Left the birch-tree only stand…”
The Kalevala | Rune IIIa
AND YOUKAHAINEN. Wainamoinen, ancient minstrel, Passed his years in full contentment, On the meadows of Wainola, On the plains of Kalevala, Singing ever wondrous legends, Songs of ancient wit and wisdom, Chanting one day, then a second, Si…”
The Kalevala | Rune IIId
Thou wert never seen or heard of When the earth was first created, When were made the ether-spaces, When the air was crystal-pillared, When the Moon was placed in orbit, When the silver Sun was planted, When the Bear was firmly stationed, W…”
The Kalevala | Rune Va
'S LAMENTATION. Far and wide the tidings travelled, Far away men heard the story Of the flight and death of Aino, Sister dear of Youkahainen, Fairest daughter of creation. Wainamoinen, brave and truthful, Straightway fell to bitter weepin…”
The Kalevala | Rune VIa
'S HAPLESS JOURNEY. Wainamoinen, old and truthful, Now arranges for a journey To the village of the Northland, To the land of cruel winters, To the land of little sunshine, To the land of worthy women; Takes his light-foot, royal racer, Th…”
The Kalevala | Rune VIIIb
Come, sweet maiden, to my snow-sledge, I am not despised as hero, Not the meanest of magicians; Come with me and I will make thee Wife and queen in Kalevala." Thus the Maid of Beauty answered— "Would consider thee a hero, Mighty hero, I wou…”
The Kalevala | Rune VIIIc
But the stream flows like a brooklet, Rushing like a maddened torrent, Stains the herbs upon the meadows, Scarcely is a bit of verdure That the blood-stream does not cover As it flows and rushes onward From the knee of the magician, From th…”
The Kalevala | Rune IXb
"Then the blacksmith, Ilmarinen, Came to earth to work the metal; He was born upon the Coal-mount, Skilled and nurtured in the coal-fields; In one hand, a copper hammer, In the other, tongs of iron; In the night was born the blacksmith, In…”
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western_esoteric82
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | The Bembine Table of Isisb
Laurentius Pignorius reproduced the Tablet in connection with a descriptive essay in 1605, but his timidly advanced explanations demonstrated his ignorance concerning the actual interpretation of the figures. THE BEMBINE TABLE OF ISIS. Co…”
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | The Bembine Table of Isisc
For as in the Supreme Mind everything is simultaneous and spaceless, the future is therefore present in that Mind; and they thought that while the human mind was absorbed in the Supreme by contemplation, by that union they were enabled to k…”
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | Wonders of Antiquityf
She bathed in the Castalian well, abstained from all food, drank only from the fountain of Cassotis, which was brought into the temple through concealed pipes, and just before mounting the tripod, she chewed a few leaves of the sacred bay t…”
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | Stones, Metals and Gemsi
The same multiplied by 20 gives 432,000, the fourth age, Kali-Yuga ." (It will be noted that these multipliers decrease in inverse ratio to the Pythagorean tetractys: 1, 2, 3, and 4.) H. P. Blavatsky declares that Orpheus taught his follo…”
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | Ceremonial Magic and Sorcerya
CEREMONIAL magic is the ancient art of invoking and controlling spirits by a scientific application of certain formulæ. A magician, enveloped in sanctified vestments and carrying a wand inscribed with hieroglyphic figures, could by the pow…”
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | Ceremonial Magic and Sorceryc
It is identical with Baphomet the mystic pantheos of those disciples of ceremonial magic, the Templars, who probably obtained it from the Arabians. *** A well-known magician of the Middle Ages was Dr. Johannes Faustus, more commonly known…”
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | Ceremonial Magic and Sorceryd
For the third time I asked my question and he answered, 'I am as swift as human thought.' 'You shall serve me,' I replied. This spirit was faithful for a long time, but to tell you how he served me is not possible in a document of this len…”
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | Ceremonial Magic and Sorcerye
On the place where you intend to make the circle, you must first draw a great cross with a large sword with which no one ever has been hurt. Then you must make three concentric circles. The innermost circle is made of a long narrow strip…”
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | Ceremonial Magic and Sorceryf
The words about the circle are the names of the invisible intelligences, and the small crosses mark points at which certain prayers and invocations are recited. The small circle outside is prepared for the spirit to be invoked, and while i…”
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | Ceremonial Magic and Sorceryg
"I intreat thee, Pabiel , by the whole Spirit of Heaven, Seraphim, Cherubim, Thrones, Dominations, Witnesses, Powers, Principalities, Archangels, and Angels, by the holy, great, and glorious Angels Orphaniel Tetra-Dagiel Salamla Acimoy past…”
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | Ceremonial Magic and Sorceryh
But should the operation be performed in a retired part of a house, cc cetera, the circle may remain, as it might serve in alike future operation, but the room or building must be locked up to avoid the intrusion of strangers." The agreemen…”
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | Ceremonial Magic and Sorceryi
The aforesaid Bond of spirits, together with the seal and character of the planetary angel, must be written m virgin Parchment and laid before the Spirit [for signature] when he appears; at that time the invocant must not lost confidence bu…”
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | The Elements and Their Inhabitantsg
Some inhabit waterfalls, where they can be seen in the spray; others are indigenous to swiftly moving rivers; some have their habitat in dripping, oozing fens or marshes; while other groups dwell in clear mountain lakes. According to the p…”
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | Hermetic Pharmacology, Chemistry, and Therapeuticsf
In other words, germs were minute creatures born out of man's evil thoughts and actions. The fourth cause of disease was what the Orientals called Karma , that is, the Law of Compensation, which demanded that the individual pay in full for…”
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | Alchemy and Its Exponentse
Again and again his bones were dug up and reinterred in another place. The slab of marble over his grave bears the following inscription: " Here lies buried Philip Theophrastus the famous Doctor of Medicine who cured Wounds, Leprosy, Gout,…”
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | Freemasonic Symbolismi
*** According to the ancient Rabbins, Solomon was an initiate of the Mystery schools and the temple which he built was actually a house of initiation containing amass of pagan philosophic and phallic emblems. The pomegranates, the palm-hea…”
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | American Indian Symbolismb
By the first act he returned thanks to the Great Spirit for the preservation of his life during the past year, and for being permitted to be present at this council. By the second, he returned thanks to his Mother, the Earth, for her vario…”
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | American Indian Symbolisme
Guthrie interprets the words Popol Vuh to mean "The Senate Book," or "The Book of the Holy Assembly"; Brasseur de Bourbourg calls it "The Sacred Book"; and Father Ximinez designates the volume "The National Book." In his articles on the Pop…”
The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall) | American Indian Symbolismi
Concerning these rolls, Colonel Carrick Mallery writes: "To persons acquainted with secret societies, a good comparison for the Midewiwin charts would be what is called a trestleboard of a Masonic order, which is printed and published and p…”
Tertium Organum (P.D. Ouspensky) | Chapter XIV (part 4)
He hears "the voices of stones," understands the whisperings of ancient walls, of tumuli, of mountains, rivers, woods and plains. He hears " the voice of the silence ," understands the psychological difference between silences, knows that…”
Tertium Organum (P.D. Ouspensky) | Chapter XXI (part 2)
Science cannot deny the fact that mathematics grows, expands, and escapes from the limits of the visible and measurable world. Entire departments of mathematics take into consideration quantitative relations which did not and do not exist…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 5. The Pentagrama
GEBURAH ECCE HEREUNTO we have exposed the magical dogma in its more arid and abstruse phases; now the enchantments begin; now we can proclaim wonders and reveal most secret things. The Pentagram signifies the domination of the mind over th…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 5. The Pentagramc
The secret of this Great Work does not remain for discovery; it has been known and practised by a great number of initiates, above all by the celebrated Apollonius of Tyana, who has left a theory concerning it, as we shall see in the “Ritua…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 5. The Pentagramd
Arise! Bathe, O adept of science, thy breast, still enveloped by an earthly veil, in the splendours of the dawning day!” (Faust, Part i. sc. I.) On 24 July in the year 1854, the author of this book, Eliphas Levi, made an experiment of ev…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 6. Magical Equilibriuma
TIPHERETH UNCUS SUPREME intelligence is necessarily reasonable. God, in philosophy, may be only a hypothesis, but He is a hypothesis imposed by good sense on human reason. To personify the Absolute Reason is to determine the Divine Ideal.…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 6. Magical Equilibriumc
Love is one of the great instruments of magical power, but it is categorically forbidden to the Magus, at least as an intoxication or passion. Woe to the Samson of the Kabalah if he permit himself to be put asleep by Delilah! The Hercules…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 7. The Fiery Swordb
The scenes which succeed one another in this wonderful prophetic epic are so many pantacles, the keys of which are the ternary, the quaternary, the septenary and the duodenary. Its hieroglyphic figures are analogous to those of the Book of…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 7. The Fiery Swordc
The talismans of the seven spirits are engraved either on precious stones, such as the carbuncle, crystal, diamond, emerald, agate, sapphire and onyx, or upon metals, such as gold, silver, iron, copper, fixed mercury, pewter and lead. The…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 10. The Kabalahb
MALKUTH.-The Kingdom, meaning the universe, entire creation, the work and mirror of God, the proof of supreme reason, the formal consequence which compels us to have recourse to virtual premises, the enigma which has God for its answer - th…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 10. The Kabalahd
5 GEBURAH. The four Fives. Four times four sins avenged His justice sum. 6 TIPHERETH. The four Sixes. Four rays unclouded make His beauty known. 7 NETSAH. The four Sevens. Four times His conquest shall in song be shown. 8 HOD. The…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 11. The Magic Chainb
The knowledge of great secrets and the consciousness of power. It was sufficient for those exalted souls. Must one be like unto them in order to know what they knew? Assuredly not, and the existence of this book is perhaps a case in poin…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 11. The Magic Chaine
Superstitions are instinctive and all that is instinctive is founded in the very nature of things, to which fact the sceptics of all times have given insufficient attention. It follows that we attribute the strange phenomena of table-turni…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 13. Necromancyc
You are possibly without the materials; I should like to show you a complete magical cabinet, but I must exact beforehand the most inviolable silence. If you will not give me this pledge upon your honour, I shall give orders for you to be…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 13. Necromancyd
I therefore placed my hand upon the Sign of the Pentagram, and pointed the sword at the figure, commanding it mentally to obey and not alarm me, in virtue of the said sign. The form thereupon became vague, and suddenly disappeared. I dire…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 15. Black Magic
SAMAEL AUXILIATOR We APPROACH the mystery of Black Magic. We are about to confront, even in his own sanctuary, the black god of the Sabbath, the formidable goat of Mendes. At this point those who are liable to fear should close the book; ev…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 16. Bewitchmentsb
For this reason, it is important that children should sleep always alone. In conventional seminaries certain pupils absorb the intelligence of the others, and in every given circle of men one individual emerges who avails himself of the wi…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 16. Bewitchmentsc
Eudes de Mirville, because it is not enough to enumerate phenomena and to prejudge their cause if we would influence serious people; we must study, explain and demonstrate such cause, and this is precisely what we are ourselves attempting.…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 16. Bewitchmentsd
But Paracelsus arrived at magnetism long before Mesmer and had carried to its final consequences this luminous discovery, or rather this initiation into the Magic of the ancients, who better than us understood the Great Magical Agent and di…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 17. Astrologyb
Paracelsus was perhaps the last of the great practical astrologers; he cured diseases by talismans formed under astral influences; he distinguished upon all bodies the mark of their dominant star; there, according to him, was the true Unive…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 21. Divinationa
DENTES FURCA AMENS THE AUTHOR of this book has dared many things in his life, and never has fear retained his thought a prisoner. It is not at the same time without legitimate dread that he approaches the end of the magical doctrine. It i…”
Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi) | 22. Summary And General Key Of The Four Secret Sciencesb
Let the wise man seek it not, since he has already found it; let the profane seek for ever: they will never find. Metallic transmutation takes place spiritually and materially by the positive key of analogies. Occult medicine is simply th…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | Introductione
Here is the common translation of the sacred text: “Now, the serpent was more subtle than any beast of the field which the Lord God had made.” But this is what Moses says: This signifies, according to the version of Fabre d'Olivet: “Now, or…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | Introductionh
This living speech is the condemnation of the wicked, and hence they seek to destroy it; but it is they only who die, and the Word of Truth remains to judge their memory! Orpheus may have been rent by bacchantes; Socrates may have quaffed…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 1. Preparationsc
“But how act?” Rise daily at the same hour, and that early; bathe at a spring before daybreak, and in all seasons; never wear soiled clothes: wash them yourself at need; practise voluntary privations, that you may be better able to bear tho…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 1. Preparationsd
There are also some substances which produce ecstasy and dispose towards the magnetic sleep; there are some which place at the service of imagination all the most lively and highly coloured reflections of the elementary light; but the use o…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 2. Magical Equilibriumb
The same manual gesture may assimilate and give forth alternately what we are accustomed to call the fluid, and the magnetizer will himself be warned of the result of his intention by an alternative sensation of warmth and cold in the hand,…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 2. Magical Equilibriumc
Thus, the Magus should not live altogether in his laboratory, among his Atha-nors, Elixirs and Pantacles. However riveting be the glance of that Circe who is called occult power, we must be able to confront her on occasion with the sword o…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 2. Magical Equilibriumd
Nor is such observance vain, for in the magical work all instruments of art are magnetized by the operator; the air is charged with his perfumes, the fire which he has consecrated is subject to his will, the forces of Nature seem to hear an…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 3. The Triangle Of Pantaclesa
THE Abbot Trithemius, who in Magic was the master of Cornelius Agrippa, explains, in his Steganography, the secret of Conjurations and Evocations after a very natural and philosophical manner, though possibly, for that very reason, too simp…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 3. The Triangle Of Pantaclesb
Nature is not outraged with impunity, and no one can play safely with unknown and incalculable forces. It is this consideration which has led and will ever lead us to deny the vain curiosity of those who would see in order that they may be…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 3. The Triangle Of Pantaclesd
The old sorceresses, when they spent the night at the meeting-place of three cross-roads, yelled three times in honour of triple Hecate. All these figures, with the acts analogous thereto, all these dispositions of numbers and of character…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 4. The Conjuration Of The Foura
THE four elementary forms separate and distinguish roughly the created spirits which the universal movement disengages from the central fire. The spirit toils everywhere and fructifies matter by life; all matter is animated; thought and so…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 4. The Conjuration Of The Fourb
Prayer of the Sylphs Spirit of Light, Spirit of Wisdom, Who breath gives and takes away the form of all things; Thou before Whom the life of every being is; a shadow which transforms and a vapour which passes away; Thou who ascendest upon t…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 4. The Conjuration Of The Fourc
Prayer of the Undines Dread King of the Sea, Who hast the keys of the floodgates of heaven and dost confine the waters of the underworld in the caverns of earth; King of the deluge and the floods of springtime; Thou Who dost unseal the sour…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 4. The Conjuration Of The Fourd
The earth is exorcised by aspersion of water, by breathing and by fire, with the perfumes proper for each day and the Prayer of the Gnomes King invisible, Who, taking the earth as a support, didst furrow the abysses to fil them with Thine o…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 4. The Conjuration Of The Foure
Fulfil, Judgment, by fire in the virtue of Michael. Angel of the blind eyes, obey, or pass away with this holy water! Work, Winged Bull, or revert to the earth, unless thou wilt that I should pierce thee with this sword! Chained Eagle, o…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 5. The Blazing Pentagrama
We proceed to the explanation and consecration of the Sacred and Mysterious Pentagram. At this point, let the ignorant and superstitious close the book; they will either see nothing but darkness, or they will be scandalized. The Pentagram…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 5. The Blazing Pentagramb
In the case of a spirit of darkness, the opposite course is pursued, but then the operator must be careful to set the end of the rod or the point of the sword upon the head of the Pentagram. We have said that signs are the active voice of…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 7. The Septenary Of Talismansa
CEREMONIES, vestments, perfumes, characters and figures being, as we have stated, necessary to apply imagination to the education of the will, the success of magical works depends upon the faithful observation of all the Rites, which are in…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 7. The Septenary Of Talismansb
We have observed previously that in this sense the planets are only signs; they have the influence which universal faith attributes because they are more truly the stars of the human mind than the orbs of heaven. The sun, which Antique Mag…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 7. The Septenary Of Talismansc
The altar of perfumes and the tripod of sacred fire must be encircled by wreaths of laurel, heliotrope and sunflowers; the perfumes are cinnamon, strong incense, saffron and red sandal; the ring must be of gold, with a chrysolith or ruby; t…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 7. The Septenary Of Talismansd
We have defined a Pantacle as a synthetic character resuming the entire magical doctrine in one of its special conceptions. It is therefore the full expression of a completed thought and will: it is the signature of a spirit. The ceremoni…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 7. The Septenary Of Talismanse
Crosses of honour and other kindred decorations are veritable talismans which increase personal value and merit; they are consecrated by solemn investiture, and public opinion can impart to them a prodigious power. Sufficient attention has…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 7. The Septenary Of Talismansf
Then, taking up the Pantacle and sprinkling it with some drops of magical water, say: In the name of Eloim and by the spirit of the living waters, be thou unto me a sign of light and a sacrament of will. Presenting it to the smoke of the p…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 7. The Septenary Of Talismansg
The wand and the other instruments, but the wand above all, must be concealed with care, and under no pretext should the Magus permit them to be seen or touched by the profane: otherwise they will lose all their virtue. The mode of transmi…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 7. The Septenary Of Talismansh
The Seal of Hermes must be engraved on the pedestal, over which must be the two-headed androgyne of Khunrath. A serpent devouring its own tail must encircle the lower part. The Sign of Solomon must be inscribed on the reservoir. Two glob…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 8. Warning To The Imprudenta
THE operations of science are not devoid of danger, as we have stated several times. They may end in madness for those who are not established firmly on the basis of supreme, absolute and infallible reason. Terrible and incurable diseases…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 8. Warning To The Imprudentb
The milder and calmer you are, the more effective will be your anger; the more energetic you are, the more valuable will be your forbearance; the more skilful you are, the better will you profit by your intelligence and even by your virtues…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 10. The Key Of Occultisma
Let us now examine the question of Pantacles, for all magical virtue is there, since the secret of force is in the intelligence which directs. We have given the symbol and interpretation of the Pantacles of Pythagoras and Ezekiel, so that…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 11. The Triple Chainb
Mystification combined with it after wards, and even educated and intelligent persons were so infatuated with the novelty that they hoaxed themselves, and became the dupes of their own absurdity. The oracles of the tables were answers more…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 13. Necromancyc
There are two kinds of Necromancy, that of light and that of darkness - the evocation by Prayer, Pantacle and Perfumes, and the evocation by blood, imprecations and sacrilege. We have practised only the first, and advise no one to devote t…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 13. Necromancyd
Every evening at the same hour we must shut ourselves in the chamber consecrated to the memory of the lamented person, using only one small light, such as that of a funeral lamp or taper. This light should be placed behind us, the portrait…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 13. Necromancye
The chafing-dish containing the sacred fire should be in the centre of the oratory and the altar of perfumes hard by. The operator must turn towards the east to pray, and the west to invoke; he must be either alone or assisted by two perso…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 13. Necromancyf
Thus, a fatal law drives demons downward when they wish and believe themselves to be ascending. So also those who term themselves chiefs are the most impotent and despised of all. As to the horde of perverse spirits, they tremble before a…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 15. The Sabbath Of The Sorcerersd
From this two-fold point of view we propose to consider the true Sabbath, that of luminous Magic in the one case and that of darkness in the other. When Christianity proscribed the public exercise of the ancient worships, the partisans of…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 16. Witchcraft And Spellsd
For bewitchment by the waxen figure, a more perfect figure must be made, and set about as far as possible with things belonging to the person; seven talismans must be hung round the neck; it must be placed in the middle of a great Pantacle…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 20. The Thaumaturgea
We have defined miracles as the natural effects of exceptional causes. The immediate action of the human will upon bodies, or at least that action exercised without visible means, constitutes a miracle in the physical order. The influence…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 20. The Thaumaturgeb
The remedies which they prescribe are often strange or ridiculous, but on this account are so much more effectual, for they exact and realize more faith on the part of patients and operators. An old merchant of our acquaintance, a man of e…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 20. The Thaumaturged
Rabelais, who was a greater magician than he seemed, made pantagruelism his special panacea. He compelled his patients to laugh, and all the remedies he administered subsequently succeeded the better in consequence. He established a magne…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 21. The Science Of The Prophetsc
The Tarot was the sole book of the ancient Magi; it is the primitive Bible, as we shall prove in the following chapter, and the ancients consulted it as the first Christians at a later date consulted the Sacred Lots, that is, Bible verses s…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 22. The Book Of Hermesb
Gaffarel thus expresses himself: “He (Philo the Jew) speaking of the history concealed in the before-mentioned chapter of JUDGES, says that Michas made three “images of young boys and three young calves, three also of a lion, an eagle, a dr…”
Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi) | 22. The Book Of Hermesm
Where now will the destroyed prince of perdition dare to show himself? It remains for us to state our conclusions and to define the end and import of this work in the religious and philosophical order, and in the order of positive and mate…”
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gnosticism30
Gospel of Philip | Section 1c
And Jesus said, “Whoever will not eat my flesh and drink my blood has no life within him.” What does he mean? His flesh is the word and blood the holy spirit. Who has received these has food and drink and clothing. I condemn those who sa…”
Gospel of Philip | Section 1i
His seed was Jesus, and the plant was the cross.” The tree of life in the middle of that garden of paradise is an olive tree, and from the olive tree comes chrism, and from that oil comes the resurrection. THE WORLD EATS BODIES The world e…”
Gospel of Philip | Section 1j
In the world these are the true people. They are the attendants of the bridal chamber. POWER AND WEAKNESS In this world, power and weakness mingle when man and woman have sex. Joining is different in the eternal realm, though we use the…”
Gospel of Philip | Section 1m
If we know the truth, we shall find the fruits of the truth within us. If we join it, it will fulfill us. THE STRONG AND WEAK, THE MANIFEST AND HIDDEN Now we have the manifest things of creation. We say, “The strong are they who are held…”
Pistis Sophia | Document FIRSTo
It happened therefore while the Rulers of the Aeons, with those of the Destiny, with those of the Sphere are abiding, doing this kind (of thing) [36 ] turning them round, eating the purgation of their matter, having not been allowed to make…”
Pistis Sophia | Document FIRSTt
And I trusted unto thee: now therefore, O Light of the Lights, I am afflicted in the darkness of the Chaos: if thou wishest therefore to come to deliver me, great is thy mercy; hear me in truth and deliver me: deliver me out of the matter o…”
Pistis Sophia | Document FIRST~
And also let them trust unto him, if they should come unto the Place of the Height: because it (is) he who will see and redeem us, 38 and there is a great mystery [69 ] of deliverance in him: and he is he who will deliver all the powers out…”
Pistis Sophia | Document FIRST
[71 ] Because of this word therefore thy power of light prophesied once by David, saying in the four-twentieth with one psalm, God will sit in the assembly of the gods and (will) give judgment unto the gods. Said he to her Jesus, Well (don…”
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celtic21
The Mabinogion | Tale THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAINd
Under this tree is a fountain, and by the side of the fountain a marble slab, and on the marble slab a silver bowl, attached by a chain of silver, so that it may not be carried away. Take the bowl and throw a bowlful of water upon the slab…”
The Mabinogion | Tale THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAINf
And Owain made it known to him, and said, “I am in quest of the Knight who guards the fountain.” Upon this the yellow man smiled, and said that he was as loth to point out that adventure to Owain as he had been to Kynon. However, he descri…”
The Mabinogion | Tale THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAINk
“My lord,” said he, “I know the meaning of all this, and my request is, that thou wilt permit me to throw the water on the slab, and to receive the first adventure that may befall.” And Arthur gave him leave. Then Kai threw a bowlful of wa…”
The Mabinogion | Tale THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAINm
“Go with this,” said she, “and take with thee yonder horse and clothing, and place them near the man we saw just now. And anoint him with this balsam, near his heart; and if there is life in him, he will arise through the efficacy of this…”
The Mabinogion | Tale KILHWCH AND OLWENk
And the second and the third day they journeyed, and even then scarcely could they reach so far. And when they came before the castle, they beheld a vast flock of sheep, which was boundless and without an end. And upon the top of a mound…”
The Mabinogion | Tale MANAWYDDAN THE SON OF LLYRi
And the third night came unto me my wife and the ladies of the Court, and besought me to transform them. And I transformed them. Now she is pregnant. And had she not been pregnant thou wouldst not have been able to overtake her; but sinc…”
The Mabinogion | Tale MATH THE SON OF MATHONWYb
Swine are they now called.” “Who owneth them?” “Pryderi the son of Pwyll; they were sent him from Annwvyn, by Arawn the king of Annwvyn, and still they keep that name, half hog, half pig.” “Verily,” asked he, “and by what means may they be…”
The Mabinogion | Tale MATH THE SON OF MATHONWYe
But first I will cause thee to have compensation, and then will I have amends made unto myself. As for thee, I will take thee to be my wife, and the possession of my dominions will I give unto thy hands.” And Gwydion and Gilvaethwy came no…”
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renaissance_hermeticism20
Agrippa: The Philosophy of Natural Magic, Chapter II — What Magic Is, What Are the Parts Thereof, and How the Professors Thereof Must Be Qualified | Chapter II, Section 1a
CHAPTER II. What Magic Is, What Are the Parts Thereof, and How the Professors Thereof Must Be Qualified . Magic is a faculty of wonderful virtue, full of most high mysteries, containing the most profound contemplation of most secret thing…”
Agrippa: The Philosophy of Natural Magic, Chapter II — What Magic Is, What Are the Parts Thereof, and How the Professors Thereof Must Be Qualified | Chapter II, Section 1b
It instructs us also concerning Faith, Miracles, the virtues of Words and Figures , the secret operations and mysteries of Seals; and, as Apuleius saith, it teacheth us rightly to understand and to be skilled in the Ceremonial Laws, the equ…”
Agrippa: The Philosophy of Natural Magic, Chapter V — Of the Wonderful Natures of Fire and Earth | Chapter V, Section 1a
CHAPTER V. Of the Wonderful Natures of Fire and Earth . There are two things, saith Hermes, viz., Fire and Earth, which are sufficient for the operation of all wonderful things: the former is active, the latter passive. Fire, as saith Di…”
Agrippa: The Philosophy of Natural Magic, Chapter V — Of the Wonderful Natures of Fire and Earth | Chapter V, Section 1b
Hence it was that the first and most wise institutors of religions and ceremonies ordained that prayers, singings and all manner of divine worships whatsoever should not be performed without lighted candles or torches (hence, also, was that…”
Agrippa: The Philosophy of Natural Magic, Chapter VI — Of the Wonderful Natures of Water, Air and Winds | Chapter VI, Section 1b
Josephus also makes relation of the wonderful nature of a certain river betwixt Arcea and Raphanea, cities of Syria, which runs with a full channel all the Sabbath day and then on a sudden ceaseth, as if the springs were stopped, and all th…”
Agrippa: The Philosophy of Natural Magic, Chapter XI — How Occult Virtues are Infused into the Several Kinds of Things by Ideas Through the Help of the Soul of the World, And Rays of the Stars; and what Things Abound Most with this Virtue | Chapter XI, Section 1
CHAPTER XI. How Occult Virtues are Infused into the Several Kinds of Things by Ideas Through the Help of the Soul of the World, And Rays of the Stars; and what Things Abound Most with this Virtue . Platonists say that all inferior bodies ar…”
Agrippa: The Philosophy of Natural Magic, Chapter XXXVIII — How We May Draw Not Only Celestial and Vital, but Also Certain Intellectual and Divine Gifts From Above | Chapter XXXVIII, Section 1a
CHAPTER XXXVIII. How We May Draw Not Only Celestial and Vital, but Also Certain Intellectual and Divine Gifts From Above . Magicians teach that celestial gifts may, through inferiors being conformable to superiors, be drawn down by opport…”
Agrippa: The Philosophy of Natural Magic, Chapter XXXIX — That We May, By Some Certain Matters of the World, Stir Up the Gods of the World and Their Ministering Spirits | Chapter XXXIX, Section 1
CHAPTER XXXIX. That We May, By Some Certain Matters of the World, Stir Up the Gods of the World and Their Ministering Spirits . No man is ignorant that evil spirits, by evil and profane arts, may be raised up as Psellus saith sorcerers are…”
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jewish_mysticism11
The Book of Concealed Mystery (Siphra Dtzenioutha) | 1a
CHAPTER V. 1. (It is written) Isa. i. 4: "Woe unto the sinful nation, unto the people heavy with iniquity, unto the seed of evildoers, &c." (Here the author of the "Siphra Dtzenioutha" reasoneth concerning the small word HVI, "woe," whi…”
The Book of Concealed Mystery (Siphra Dtzenioutha) | 1c
And to it also pertain the following names, namely, the name) IH, Yah (whensoever it is written in full with A in this manner:) IVD HA, Yod Ha (and containeth the number of the numeral powers of the letters of the Tetragrammaton, namely, 26…”
The Book of Concealed Mystery (Siphra Dtzenioutha) | 1g
The four wheels are their correlatives under the second Sephira, on their four sides--namely, the four elements of the air, fire, water, and earth, which are the abodes of the spirits of the elements, the sylphs, salamanders, undines, and g…”
The Book of Concealed Mystery (Siphra Dtzenioutha) | 1i
And IVBL, Yobel , "jubilee," is H, He (the first He of the Tetragrammaton); and He is the spirit rushing forth over all (because the mother is the world to come, when in the resurrection all things will receive the spirit); and all things s…”
The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation) | Chapter VIII
CHAPTER VIII. 1. And Azâzêl taught men to make swords, and knives, and shields, and breastplates, and made known to them the metals 〈 of the earth 〉 and the art of working them, and bracelets, and ornaments, and the use of antimony, and the…”
The Greater Holy Assembly (Idra Rabba Qadisha) | Idra Rabba, Chapter 1 (part 1)
p. 109 HADRA RBA QDIShA (HA IDRA RABBA QADISHA); OR, THE GREATER HOLY ASSEMBLY. CHAPTER I. THE INGRESS AND THE PREFACE. 1. TRADITION.--Rabbi Schimeon spake unto his companions, and said: "How long shall we abide in the condition of one…”
The Kabbalah Unveiled | Introduction, Section 1h
"And the Elohim said, let there be light, and there was light." (The sense may be sought from that Psalm xxxiii. 9) where it a written, "Since He Himself spake, and it was done." (First, therefore, is commemorated) the Path HVA, Hoa , (tha…”
The Lesser Holy Assembly (Idra Zuta Qadisha) | Idra Zuta, Chapter 1 (part 1)
CHAPTER VIII. CONCERNING THE FOREHEAD OF MACROPROSOPUS. 87. THE forehead of His skull is the acceptation of acceptations, whereunto is opposed the acceptation of Microprosopus, like as it is written, Exod. xxviii. 38: "And it shall be…”
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hermeticism7
Corpus Hermeticum 13: The Discourse of Hermes to Tat | Section 1a
The Secret Sermon on the Mountain <This dialogue is in many ways the culmination of the whole Corpus, summing up the theory of the Hermetic system at the same time as it provides an intriguing glimpse at the practice. The focus of the dial…”
Corpus Hermeticum 13: The Discourse of Hermes to Tat | Section 1c
Gnosis of God hath come to us, and when this comes, my son, Not-knowing is cast out. Gnosis of Joy hath come to us, and on its coming, son, Sorrow will flee away to them who give it room. The Power that follows Joy do I invoke, thy Self-c…”
Corpus Hermeticum 13: The Discourse of Hermes to Tat | Section 1d
<lacuna in text>, though this Sermon (Logos) on Rebirth, on which I did not comment - in order that we may not be calumniators of the All unto the multitude, to whom indeed God Himself doth will we should not. 14. Tat: Tell me, O father:…”
Corpus Hermeticum 13: The Discourse of Hermes to Tat | Section 1e
Sing praise, my Self-control; sing thou through me, my Righteousness, the praises of the Righteous; sing thou, my Sharing-all, the praises of the All; through me sing, Truth, Truth's praises! Sing thou, O Good, the Good! O Life and Light,…”
Corpus Hermeticum 15: The Hymn of Hermes | Section 1a
p. 266 CORPUS HERMETICUM (XVI.) THE DEFINITIONS OF ASCLEPIUS UNTO KING AMMON THE PERFECT SERMON OF ASCLEPIUS UNTO THE KING (Text: R. 348-354; Pat. at end. 1 ) 1. Great is the sermon ( logos ) which I send to thee, O King—the summing up…”
Corpus Hermeticum 15: The Hymn of Hermes | Section 1e
bringing or drawing down; κατάγειν = deducere, elicere —used frequently of magic arts. 269:8 νοητὴ οὐσία = intelligibilis essentia. 269:9 ὄγκος = moles, mass, bulk, volume; in later philosophy it means “atom,” and may mean so here, of cou…”
Corpus Hermeticum 15: The Hymn of Hermes | Section 1f
(xiv.) 7. 274:4 The two irrational parts, “passion” and “desire” (θυμὸς and ἐπιθυμία). 274:5 The soul. 275:1 This Erōs is the lower love ( cf. C. H. , i. 18: “love, the cause of death”), not the Divine Love who inspires Hermes in “Th…”
christian_mysticism5
The Life and Doctrines of Jacob Boehme | Chapter 2 (part 5)
The will beholding itself in the mirror of wisdom causes its own image to appear within the groundlessness, and thus it creates a foundation in its own imagination." ( Menschwerdung , ii. 1.) "Wisdom, the eternal virgin, the playmate of Go…”
The Life and Doctrines of Jacob Boehme | Chapter 8 (part 9)
Little would it benefit the blind to know of the light merely from hearsay. Little would it profit the "Christian" if he knew of a historical Christ, and could not perceive the glory and majesty of the Atma Buddhi within his own soul. Boe…”
The Life and Doctrines of Jacob Boehme | Chapter 10 (part 7)
It is not shown that Esau became subject to Jacob, but the story represents to us a spiritual symbol, showing how the kingdom of nature in man was to become subjected and to be made to submit in humility to the kingdom p. 214 of grace; how…”
The Life and Doctrines of Jacob Boehme | Chapter 10 (part 8)
9.) "In those heathen that were highly intellectual in the light of nature the interior holy realm was mirrored, and although the true divine intelligence was closed to them, and although they beheld merely an external reflection, neverthel…”
The Life and Doctrines of Jacob Boehme | Chapter 14 (part 8)
, in the heavenly essentiality (Devachan)—cannot be disturbed by anybody, unless they should wish it themselves, in case that they were very favourably inclined towards some particular soul in harmony with their own. They do not trouble th…”
mesopotamian3
The Descent of the Goddess Ishtar into the Lower World | Section 1c
Sprinkle Ishtar with the waters of life and take her out of my presence. Namtar went, knocked at the strong palace, Tapped on the threshold of precious stones. He brought out the Anunnaki and placed them on golden thrones, He sprinkled Is…”
Enuma Elish: The Epic of Creation | 1h
She recited an incantation, she pronounced her spell, And the gods of the battle cried out for their weapons. Then advanced Tiamat and Marduk, the counselor of the gods; To the fight they came on, to the battle they drew nigh. The lord sp…”
Enuma Elish: The Epic of Creation | 1j
Tutu [Marduk] is "He who created them anew"; Should their wants be pure, then are they satisfied; Should he make an incantation, then are the gods appeased; Should they attack him in anger, he withstandeth their onslaught! Let him therefor…”
norse3
The Poetic Edda: Hovamol | Section 1m
I ween that I hung | on the windy tree, Hung there for nights full nine; With the spear I was wounded, | and offered I was To Othin, myself to myself, On the tree that none | may ever know What root beneath it runs. [138. In the manuscrip…”
The Poetic Edda: Hovamol | Section 1n
Knowest how one shall write, | knowest how one shall rede? Knowest how one shall tint, | knowest how one makes trial? Knowest how one shall ask, | knowest how one shall offer? Knowest how one shall send, | knowest how one shall sacrifice…”
The Poetic Edda: Hovamol | Section 1o
A sixth I know, | if harm one seeks With a sapling's roots to send me; The hero himself | who wreaks his hate Shall taste the ill ere I. 153. A seventh I know, | if I see in flames The hall o'er my comrades' heads; It burns not so wide |…”
platonism2
Plato: Symposium | Section 1l
The course of the seasons is also full of both these principles; and when, as I was saying, the elements of hot and cold, moist and dry, attain the harmonious love of one another and blend in temperance and harmony, they bring to men, anima…”
Plato: Symposium | Section 1v
"And you mean by the happy, those who are the possessors of things good or fair?" "Yes." "And you admitted that Love, because he was in want, desires those good and fair things of which he is in want?" "Yes, I did." "But how can he be a god…”