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The Masnavi, Book I (Rumi) · 15 of 37 · tr. E.H. Whinfield

STORY VIa

Omar and the Ambassador. The hare, having delivered his companions from the tyranny of the lion, in the manner just described, proceeds to improve the occasion by exhorting them to engage in a greater and more arduous warfare, viz., the struggle against their inward enemy, the lusts of the flesh. He illustrates his meaning by the story of an ambassador who was sent by the Emperor of Rum to the Khalifa 'Omar. On approaching Medina this ambassador inquired for 'Omar's palace, and learned that 'Omar dwelt in no material palace, but in a spiritual tabernacle, only visible to purified hearts. At last he discerned 'Omar lying under a palm-tree, and drew near to him in fear and awe. 'Omar received him kindly, and instructed him in the doctrine of the mystical union with God. The ambassador heard him gladly, and asked him two questions, first, How can souls descend from heaven to earth? and secondly, With what object are souls imprisoned in the bonds of flesh and blood? 'Omar responded, and the ambassador accepted his teaching, and became a pure-hearted Sufi. The hare urged his companions to abjure lust and pride, and to go and do likewise. God's agency reconciled with man's freewill. The ambassador said, "O Commander of the faithful, How comes the soul down from above to earth? How can so noble a bird be confined in a cage?" He said, "God speaks words of power to souls, To things of naught, without eyes or ears, And at these words they all spring into motion; At His words of power these nothings arise quickly, And strong impulse urges them into existence. Again, He speaks other spells to these creatures, And swiftly drives them back again into Not-being. He speaks to the rose's ear, and causes it to bloom; He speaks to the tulip, and makes it blossom. He speaks a spell to body, and it becomes soul; He speaks to the sun, and it becomes a fount of light. Again, in its ear He whispers a word of power, And its face is darkened as by a hundred eclipses. What is it that God says to the ear of earth, That it attends thereto and rests steadfast? What is it that Speaker says to the cloud, That it pours forth rain-water like a water-skin? Whosoever is bewildered by wavering will, l In his ear hath God whispered His riddle, That He may bind him on the horns of a dilemma; For he says, 'Shall I do this or its reverse?' Also from God comes the preference of one alternative; 'Tis from God's impulsion that man chooses one of the two. If you desire sanity in this embarrassment, Stuff not the ear of your mind with cotton. Take the cotton of evil suggestions from the mind's ear, 2 That the heavenly voice from above may enter it, That you may understand that riddle of His, That you may be cognisant of that open secret. Then the mind's ear becomes the sensorium of inspiration; For what is this Divine voice but the inward voice? 3 The spirit's eye and ear possess this sense, The eye and ear of reason and sense lack it. The word 'compulsion' makes me impatient for love's sake; 'Tis he who loves not who is fettered by compulsion. This is close communion with God, not compulsion, The shining of the sun, and not a dark cloud. Or, if it be compulsion, 'tis not common compulsion, It is not the domination of wanton wilfulness. O son, they understand this compulsion For whom God opens the eyes of the inner man. Things hidden and things future are plain to them; To speak of the past seems to them despicable.
Themes
Anthropomorphismtheology

Attributing human characteristics, emotions, or form to the divine; embodied divine imagery.

God is described as having an ear to which He whispers and speaking words of power, attributing human faculties to the divine.

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Birth Of Word In Soulanthropology

Eckhart's signature doctrine that the Father eternally begets the Son in the ground of the soul; the human interior as the actual site of the divine generative act, distinct from inner_light's static indwelling.

The divine voice enters the mind's ear and God speaks to the body to make it soul, suggesting the generative act occurs within.

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Body As Obstacleanthropology

The material body viewed as a prison, tomb, or source of error that hinders spiritual knowledge and return.

The flesh is described as a cage confining the noble bird of the soul, and lusts are identified as inward enemies to be abjured.

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Cosmic Dualismtheology

Ontological opposition between two primal principles (light/darkness, truth/lie, spirit/matter) as the fundamental structure of reality.

A clear distinction is drawn between the spiritual realm (heavenly voice) and the material realm (lusts of the flesh).

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Detachment Gelassenheitpraxis

Eckhart's Abgeschiedenheit/Gelassenheit — radical letting-go of will, image, and grasping that opens the soul to God; distinct from inner_silence (quietness) and from material renunciation, and adjacent to Sufi tark and Buddhist non-grasping as a practice rather than a metaphysical claim.

The passage urges removing evil suggestions and recognizing that preference comes from God, implying a letting-go of personal will.

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Divine Providencetheology

Pronoia — the doctrine that the divine actively orders the unfolding of the cosmos and human affairs toward intelligible ends, against pure chance or blind necessity.

The text argues extensively that human choice and preference ultimately stem from God's impulsion and whispering.

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Divine Sparkscosmology

Fragments of divine light or spirit trapped inside material bodies, awaiting liberation and return to their source.

The soul is metaphorically described as a noble bird trapped within the cage of flesh and blood.

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Fana Annihilationsoteriology

Sufi self-effacement in God — the via by which the lover is unmade as a separate ego and recovered as God's act; specifies the practice/event rather than mystical_union's resulting state.

The instruction to remove the 'cotton of evil suggestions' from the mind's ear implies self-effacement to allow divine entry.

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Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

Salvation is linked to understanding the riddle and being cognisant of the secret through the spirit's eye and ear.

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Hidden Sayingssoteriology

Esoteric teachings reserved for those ready to receive them; outer meaning conceals an inner liberating truth.

The teaching is described as an 'open secret' and a 'riddle' accessible only to those with purified hearts.

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Inner Silencepraxis

The practice of stilling the mind and speech to open receptivity to divine knowledge or presence.

The text advises stuffing not the ear of the mind with cotton to allow the heavenly voice to enter, implying a practice of mental stillness.

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Kingdom Withinanthropology

The claim that the divine realm is present inside the individual, accessible without external mediation.

The divine presence is located in the 'inward voice' and visible only to the 'purified hearts' of the inner man.

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

God is depicted as actively speaking, whispering, and driving creatures into existence rather than being an abstract principle.

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Logoscosmology

The divine reason, word, or ordering principle through which the universe was created; mediates between the transcendent God and the material world.

God's 'words of power' are described as the creative force that brings things from nothingness into motion and existence.

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Mystical Unionsoteriology

The merging of the individual soul or self with the divine, transcending personal identity.

The passage explicitly mentions the 'doctrine of the mystical union with God' as the core teaching Omar imparts.

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Paradox As Teachingethics

Using apparent contradiction, reversal, or riddle to destabilise ordinary understanding and induce insight.

The text uses paradoxes such as 'compulsion' being not compulsion and an 'open secret' to convey spiritual truth.

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Return To Sourcesoteriology

The soul's journey back to its divine origin, reversing the fall into matter through stages of purification or illumination.

The narrative arc involves the soul descending from heaven and the spiritual path implying a return to that origin through purification.

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Separation From Sourcesoteriology

The felt condition of exile from one's divine origin — Rumi's reed flute torn from its bed, Plotinus's 'we have forgotten,' the Gnostic forgetfulness; the affective wound that complements return_to_source and gives the return its motive.

The ambassador's question about how the soul descends from heaven and is confined in a cage highlights the theme of exile from the divine origin.

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Theosis Deificationsoteriology

The doctrine — central to Eastern Orthodox and Maximian theology — that the human person is progressively transformed into a partaker of the divine nature by grace, not merely justified or united in passing ecstasy.

The ambassador accepts the teaching and becomes a 'pure-hearted Sufi,' indicating transformation into a state of divine likeness.

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Related passages · 1 parallel
celtic|The Mabinogion|Tale KILHWCH AND OLWENv
Nevertheless, I will be the guide of Arthur’s embassy until you come to the place where is the oldest animal in this world, and the one that has travelled most, the Eagle of Gwern Abwy.” Gwrhyr said, “Eagle of Gwern Abwy, we have come to th…”
Both passages involve a quest for a significant figure (Mabon and 'Omar) who is found through the guidance of animals (Eagle and Salmon in Passage A, Hare in Passage B). Both stories also emphasize the importance of inner transformation and the struggle against inner enemies, though Passage B more explicitly focuses on mystical union with God.