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The Masnavi, Book I (Rumi) · 31 of 37 · tr. E.H. Whinfield

STORY XIII

The Prophet's Scribe. The Prophet had a scribe who used to write down the texts that fell from his lips. At last this scribe became so conceited that he imagined all this heavenly wisdom proceeded from his own wit, and not from the Prophet. Puffed up with self-importance, he fancied himself inspired, and his heart was hardened against his master, and he became a renegade, like the fallen angels Harut and Marut. He took his own foolish surmises to be the truth, whereas they were all wide of the mark, as those of the deaf man who went to condole with a sick neighbour and answered all his remarks at cross purposes. How philosophers deceive themselves. On the last day, 1 "when Earth shall quake with quaking," This earth shall give witness of her condition. For she "shall tell out her tidings openly," Yea, earth and her rocks shall tell them forth! The philosopher reasons from base analogies (True reason comes not out of a dark corner) ; The philosopher (I say) denies this in his pride of intellect. Say to him, "Go, dash thy head against a wall!" The speech of water, of earth, of mire, Is audible by the ears of men of heart! Tho philosopher, who denies Divine Providence, Is a stranger to the perceptions of saints. He says that the flashes of men's morbid imaginations Instil many vain fancies into men's minds. But, on the contrary, 'tis his perverseness and want of faith Which implant in himself this vain fancy of negation. The philosopher denies the existence of the Devil; At the same time he is the Devil's laughing-stock. If thou hast not seen the Devil, look at thyself, Without demon's aid how came that blue turban 2 on thy brow? Whosoever has a doubt or disquietude in his heart Is a secret denier and philosopher. Now and then he displays firm belief, But that slight dash of philosophy blackens his face. Beware, O believers! That lurks in you too; You may develop innumerable states of mind. All the seventy and two heresies lurk in you; Have a care lest one day they prevail over you! He in whose breast the leaf of true faith is grown Must tremble as a leaf from fear of such a catastrophe. Thou makest a mock of Iblis and the Devil, Because thou art a fine man in thy own sight; But when thy soul shall tell thy wretched faults, What lamentation thou wilt cause to the faithful! The sellers of base gold sit smiling in their shops, Because the touchstone is not as yet in their sight. O Veiler of sins! strip not the veil from us; Lend us aid on the day of trial! *NOTES: 1. Koran xcix. 1-4. 2. Blue turbans were considered a sign of hypocrisy (Hafiz, Ode 5).
Themes
Alchemical Workpraxis

The transformation of base substance — outer matter or the inner soul — into a purified, perfected, or 'gold' state; the magnum opus as both laboratory practice and spiritual allegory.

The metaphor of base gold sellers and the touchstone allegorizes the testing and purification of faith.

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Divine Hiddennesstheology

The supreme God's radical concealment beyond ordinary knowledge or perception; the Hidden Father.

The supplication addresses God as the 'Veiler of sins' and asks Him not to strip the veil from the believers.

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Evil As Privationtheology

Augustinian and Plotinian doctrine that evil has no positive being of its own but is a lack, distortion, or absence of the good — denying ontological dualism while preserving moral seriousness.

The text describes evil and denial as stemming from 'perverseness and want of faith' rather than an independent substance.

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Inner Lightanthropology

The divine spark or luminous quality residing within the human person, potentially recognisable through introspection.

The text suggests that the speech of creation is audible only to 'men of heart,' implying an inner spiritual perception.

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Numerical Mysticismtheology

Numbers, proportions, and mathematical relationships as the underlying structure of divine reality.

The text references the specific number 'seventy and two heresies' lurking within the human heart.

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Prayerpraxis

Direct address to the divine, whether petitionary, contemplative, or liturgical; speech and silence offered upward.

The passage concludes with a direct supplication to God for aid on the day of trial.

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Self Examinationpraxis

Daily review of thought and action as spiritual practice.

The command to 'look at thyself' serves as a directive for introspection regarding one's spiritual state.

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Self Knowledgesoteriology

The recognition of one's own true divine nature as the primary path to liberation; 'know thyself' as soteriology.

The text instructs the reader to look within themselves to find the Devil rather than seeking it externally.

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Separation From Sourcesoteriology

The felt condition of exile from one's divine origin — Rumi's reed flute torn from its bed, Plotinus's 'we have forgotten,' the Gnostic forgetfulness; the affective wound that complements return_to_source and gives the return its motive.

The scribe's heart becomes hardened against his master, illustrating a spiritual separation from the divine source.

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Watchers Descentcosmology

The 1 Enoch narrative in which a class of originally-good angelic beings (the Watchers) descends, mates with women, and teaches forbidden arts — the substrate that Gnostic archons inherits and inverts: archons are born malevolent, the Watchers fall through transgression.

The scribe is compared to the fallen angels Harut and Marut, linking to the narrative of angelic transgression.

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Divine Providencetheology

Pronoia — the doctrine that the divine actively orders the unfolding of the cosmos and human affairs toward intelligible ends, against pure chance or blind necessity.

[auto] The text directly critiques philosophers who deny Divine Providence and affirms the divine ordering of affairs.

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Eschatological Judgmentsoteriology

Final, collective cosmic judgment as an event in which the wicked are sentenced and the cosmos restored; distinct from psychopomp_journey (individual passage at death) and emphasising verdict where Zoroastrian frashokereti emphasises restoration.

[auto] The passage explicitly describes the Last Day when the Earth shall quake and give witness to human deeds.

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Rejection Of Hypocrisyethics

Critique of outward religious observance that lacks inner transformation; form without substance.

[auto] The passage condemns the scribe's conceit, the blue turban of hypocrisy, and sellers of base gold who lack true faith.

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Related passages · 6 parallels
platonism|Plato: Phaedrus|Section 1l
And I bethink me of an ancient purgation of mythological error which was devised, not by Homer, for he never had the wit to discover why he was blind, but by Stesichorus, who was a philosopher and knew the reason why; and therefore, when he…”
Both passages explore the theme of recantation and the consequences of pride and misguided wisdom. In Passage A, Socrates recants his earlier criticisms of love, acknowledging a divine madness that brings blessings. In Passage B, the Prophet's scribe becomes prideful, attributing divine wisdom to himself, and faces the consequences of his arrogance. Both highlight the importance of humility and the recognition of higher truths.
platonism|Plato: Phaedrus|Section 1„
Then he will not seriously incline to "write" his thoughts "in water" with pen and ink, sowing words which can neither speak for themselves nor teach the truth adequately to others? Phaedr. No, that is not likely. Soc. No, that is not l…”
Both passages discuss the limitations and dangers of relying solely on written words or human reasoning without divine or deeper understanding. They emphasize the importance of true wisdom and the potential for pride and self-deception in those who claim knowledge.
platonism|Plato: Republic|Section 1a
BOOK VI SOCRATES - GLAUCON AND thus, Glaucon, after the argument has gone a weary way, the true and the false philosophers have at length appeared in view. I do not think, he said, that the way could have been shortened. I suppose not, I…”
Both passages discuss the nature of true philosophers and the dangers of false or misguided philosophy. They emphasize the importance of seeking eternal truth and the pitfalls of pride and self-deception in intellectual pursuits.
platonism|Plato: Republic|Section 1b
The true lover of learning then must from his earliest youth, as far as in him lies, desire all truth? Assuredly. But then again, as we know by experience, he whose desires are strong in one direction will have them weaker in others; they…”
Both passages discuss the qualities and characteristics of those who seek truth and wisdom. Plato's passage outlines the virtues and traits of a true philosopher, while the Prophet's story highlights the dangers of pride and self-deception in the pursuit of knowledge. Both emphasize the importance of humility and genuine seeking in the path of wisdom.
platonism|Plato: Republic|Section 1f
Now, when he is in this state of mind, if some one gently comes to him and tells him that he is a fool and must get understanding, which can only be got by slaving for it, do you think that, under such adverse circumstances, he will be easi…”
Both passages discuss the dangers of pride and self-importance in the pursuit of wisdom or philosophy. They warn against the deception of the self and the consequences of denying higher truths, highlighting the importance of humility and genuine understanding.
platonism|Plato: Republic|Section 1i
No, my friend, and they have seldom, if ever, heard free and noble sentiments; such as men utter when they are earnestly and by every means in their power seeking after truth for the sake of knowledge, while they look coldly on the subtleti…”
Both passages discuss the nature of true philosophers and their relationship with society. They highlight the misunderstanding and criticism that true philosophers often face from the unenlightened masses, and the importance of divine inspiration or true knowledge in guiding both the philosopher and the state.