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Avesta (Gathas) · 1 of 2 · tr. L.H. Mills

Ahunavaiti Gatha, Yasna XXX, Section 1a

1. And now I will proclaim, O ye who are drawing near and seeking 1 to be taught! those animadversions 2 which appertain to Him who knows (all things) whatsoever; the praises which are for Ahura, and the sacrifices (which spring) from the Good Mind, and likewise the benignant meditations inspired by Righteousness. And I pray 3 that propitious results may be seen in the lights. p. 29 2. Hear ye then with your ears; see ye the bright flames 1 with the (eyes of the) Better Mind. It is for a decision as to religions, man and man, each individually for himself. Before the great effort of the cause, awake ye 2 (all) to our 3 teaching! 3. Thus are the primeval spirits who as a pair 4 (combining their opposite strivings), and (yet each) independent in his action, have been famed (of old). (They are) a better thing, they two, and a worse 5 , as to thought, as to word, and as to deed. And between these two let the wisely acting choose aright. (Choose ye 6 ) not (as) the evil-doers 7 ! p. 30 4. (Yea) when the two spirits came together at the first to make 1 life, and life's absence 2 , and to determine how the world at the last shall be (ordered), for the wicked (Hell) the worst life, for the holy (Heaven) the Best Mental State 3 , 5. (Then when they had finished each his part in the deeds of creation, they chose distinctly each his separate realm.) He who was the evil of them both (chose the evil), thereby working 4 the worst of possible results, but the more bounteous spirit 5 chose the p. 31 [paragraph continues] (Divine) Righteousness; (yea, He so chose) who clothes upon Himself the firm 1 stones of heaven (as His robe). And He chose likewise them who content Ahura with actions, which (are performed) really in accordance with the faith 2 . 6. And between these two spirits the Demon-gods (and they who give them worship) can make no righteous choice 3 , since we have beguiled 4 them. As they were questioning and debating in their council 5 the (personified 6 ) Worst Mind approached them that he might be chosen. (They made their p. 32 fatal decision.) And thereupon they rushed together unto the Demon of Fury, that they might pollute 1 the lives of mortals 2 . 7. Upon this 3 Âramaiti (the personified Piety of the saints) approached, and with her came the Sovereign Power, the Good Mind, and the Righteous Order. And (to the spiritual creations of good and of evil) Âramaiti gave a body, she the abiding and ever strenuous 4 . And for these (Thy people) so let 5 (that p. 33 body) be (at the last), O Mazda! as it was when Thou camest first with creations 1 ! 8. And (when the great struggle shall have been fought out which began when the Daêvas first seized the Demon of Wrath as their ally 2 ), and when the (just) vengeance shall have come upon these wretches, then, O Mazda! the Kingdom shall have been gained for Thee by (Thy) Good Mind (within Thy folk). For to those, O living Lord! does (that Good Mind 3 ) utter his command, who will deliver the Demon of the Lie into the two hands 4 of the Righteous Order (as a captive to a destroyer). 9.
Themes
Ahura Mazda Principlecosmology

The divine ordering principle of truth and light.

The passage centrally invokes Ahura Mazda as the supreme deity and source of righteousness and good mind.

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Angra Mainyu Principlecosmology

The principle of cosmic disorder and falsity.

The text explicitly describes the evil spirit who chose the worst results and opposes the bounteous spirit.

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Asha Cosmic Ordercosmology

Truth as the fundamental structure of reality.

Righteousness (Asha) is presented as the divine order chosen by the good spirit and the standard for human action.

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Cosmic Dualismtheology

Ontological opposition between two primal principles (light/darkness, truth/lie, spirit/matter) as the fundamental structure of reality.

The passage structures reality around two primeval spirits, one good and one evil, who must be chosen between.

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Cosmogonycosmology

Narratives or doctrines of cosmic origin — how heaven, earth, and the primordial deities first came into being. The Kojiki's deities born alone on the Plain of High Heaven, Voluspo's Ginnungagap, Genesis's tohu wa-bohu, the Timaeus's Demiurge fashioning the Receptacle, the Hesiodic Theogony, the Kalevala's egg-cosmogony, Egyptian Nun-and-Atum. Distinct from emanation_hierarchy (structural-ontological cascade), letters_of_creation (mechanism of creation), and apocatastasis/frashokereti (end-state restoration); cosmogony is temporally-narrative beginning.

The passage narrates the coming together of the two spirits at the first to make life and determine the world's order.

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Eschatological Judgmentsoteriology

Final, collective cosmic judgment as an event in which the wicked are sentenced and the cosmos restored; distinct from psychopomp_journey (individual passage at death) and emphasising verdict where Zoroastrian frashokereti emphasises restoration.

The passage describes final vengeance, the gaining of the Kingdom, and the separation of the wicked and holy.

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Frashokereticosmology

The final restoration/renovation of the cosmos.

The text mentions the restoration of the world to its original state at the end of time.

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Good Thought Word Deedethics

The Zoroastrian triad of right thought, right speech, and right action as the foundation of ethical life; truth-in-living.

The text explicitly lists thought, word, and deed as the domains where the choice between the two spirits is made.

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

Mazda is addressed directly as 'O living Lord!', indicating an active and responsive divine presence.

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Prayerpraxis

Direct address to the divine, whether petitionary, contemplative, or liturgical; speech and silence offered upward.

The text contains direct invocations such as 'And I pray' and 'Hear ye then' addressed to the divine.

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Ritual Firepraxis

Fire as medium of divine presence.

The instruction to see 'bright flames' with the Better Mind aligns with the centrality of sacred fire in Zoroastrian worship.

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Related passages · 1 parallel
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter I
p. 31 BOOK OF ENOCH I-XXXVI I-V. Parable of Enoch on the Future Lot of the Wicked and the Righteous CHAPTER I. 1. The words of the blessing of Enoch, wherewith he blessed the elect ⌈⌈ and ⌉⌉ righteous, who will be living in the day of tribu…”
Both passages describe a cosmic struggle between good and evil, the ultimate judgment, and the fate of the righteous and the wicked. They share themes of divine intervention, moral choice, and the final destiny of humanity.