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The Bhagavad Gita · 1 of 1 · tr. Kashinath Trimbak Telang

Chapter XV, Section 1

CHAPTER XV. The Deity said: They say the inexhaustible A s vattha has (its) roots above, (its) branches below; the Kh andas are its leaves. He who knows it knows the Vedas. Upwards and downwards extend its branches, which are enlarged by the qualities, and the sprouts of which are sensuous objects. And downwards to this human world are continued its roots which lead on to action. Its form is not thus known here, nor (its) end, nor beginning, nor support. But having with the firm weapon of unconcern, cut this A s vattha, whose roots are firmly fixed, then should one seek for that seat from which those that go there never return, (thinking) that one rests on that same primal being from whom the ancient course (of worldly life) emanated. Those who are free from pride and delusion, who have overcome the evils of attachment, who are constant in (contemplating) the relation of the supreme and individual self, from whom desire has departed, who are free from the pairs (of opposites) called pleasure and pain, go undeluded to that imperishable seat . The sun does not light it, nor the moon, nor fire . That is my highest abode, going to which none returns. An eternal portion of me it is, which, becoming an individual soul in the mortal world, draws (to itself) the senses with the mind as the sixth . Whenever the ruler (of the bodily frame) obtains or quits a body, he goes taking these (with him) as the wind (takes) perfumes from (their) seats . And presiding over the senses of hearing and seeing, and touch, and taste, and smell, and the mind, he enjoys sensuous objects. Those who are deluded do not see (him) remaining in or quitting (a body), enjoying or joined to the qualities ; they see, who have eyes of knowledge. Devotees making efforts perceive him abiding within their selfs . But those whose selfs have not been refined, and who have no discernment, do not perceive him even (after) making efforts. Know that glory (to be) mine which, dwelling in the sun, lights up the whole world, or in the moon or fire . [paragraph continues] Entering the earth , I by my power support all things; and becoming the juicy moon, I nourish all herbs. I becoming the fire, and dwelling in the bodies of (all) creatures, and united with the upward and downward life-breaths, cause digestion of the fourfold food . And I am placed in the heart of all ; from me (come) memory, knowledge, and their removal; I alone am to be learnt from all the Vedas; I am the author of the Vedântas ; and I alone know the Vedas. There are these two beings in the world, the destructible and the indestructible . The destructible (includes) all things. The unconcerned one is (what is) called the indestructible. But the being supreme is yet another, called the highest self, who as the inexhaustible lord, pervading the three worlds, supports (them). And since I transcend the destructible, and since I am higher also than the indestructible , therefore am I celebrated in the world and in the Vedas as the best of beings. He who, undeluded, thus knows me the best of beings, worships me every way , O descendant of Bharata! knowing everything. Thus, O sinless one! have I proclaimed this most mysterious science. He who knows this, has done all he need do, and he becomes possessed of discernment.
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Themes
Apophatic Theologytheology

Describing the divine only by negation—God transcends all positive categories and concepts; the via negativa.

The supreme seat is described by what it is not: 'The sun does not light it, nor the moon, nor fire,' and its form, end, beginning, and support are unknown.

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Detachment Gelassenheitpraxis

Eckhart's Abgeschiedenheit/Gelassenheit — radical letting-go of will, image, and grasping that opens the soul to God; distinct from inner_silence (quietness) and from material renunciation, and adjacent to Sufi tark and Buddhist non-grasping as a practice rather than a metaphysical claim.

The text instructs the seeker to cut the tree with the 'firm weapon of unconcern' and describes the liberated as those free from attachment and desire.

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Divine Lighttheology

The uncreated luminous quality of the divine, sometimes experienced directly in mystical states; illumination as revelation.

The divine claims to be the glory that dwells in the sun, moon, and fire to light up the world, identifying itself as the source of illumination.

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Divine Providencetheology

Pronoia — the doctrine that the divine actively orders the unfolding of the cosmos and human affairs toward intelligible ends, against pure chance or blind necessity.

The Deity claims active agency in supporting all things, nourishing herbs, causing digestion, and providing memory and knowledge.

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Divine Sparkscosmology

Fragments of divine light or spirit trapped inside material bodies, awaiting liberation and return to their source.

The text describes the individual soul as an 'eternal portion' of the divine that enters the mortal world and carries the senses with it.

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Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

Salvation is repeatedly linked to 'knowing' the tree, the supreme self, and the divine nature, with those who have 'eyes of knowledge' seeing what others miss.

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Hidden Sayingssoteriology

Esoteric teachings reserved for those ready to receive them; outer meaning conceals an inner liberating truth.

The passage is introduced as 'this most mysterious science' known only to the undeluded and those with discernment, implying an esoteric layer of truth.

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Inner Lightanthropology

The divine spark or luminous quality residing within the human person, potentially recognisable through introspection.

The text describes the divine as dwelling within the heart of all beings and being perceived by those with 'eyes of knowledge' looking inward.

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Kingdom Withinanthropology

The claim that the divine realm is present inside the individual, accessible without external mediation.

The supreme self is described as abiding within the individual's own self, accessible to those whose selves have been refined.

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

The divine is portrayed as an active, speaking entity ('I am', 'I become') who supports, nourishes, and dwells within creation.

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Opposites Transcendedanthropology

The dissolution of binary oppositions (male/female, inner/outer, above/below) as a mark of spiritual completion.

Those who reach the imperishable seat are described as being 'free from the pairs (of opposites) called pleasure and pain.'

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Return To Sourcesoteriology

The soul's journey back to its divine origin, reversing the fall into matter through stages of purification or illumination.

The text urges the seeker to cut the tree of worldly existence and seek the 'imperishable seat' from which one never returns, signifying a final return to the primal being.

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Self Knowledgesoteriology

The recognition of one's own true divine nature as the primary path to liberation; 'know thyself' as soteriology.

The text emphasizes that devotees perceive the divine abiding within their own selves and that knowing this inner reality is the path to liberation.

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Soul Migrationcosmology

The transmigration of the soul across lives.

The passage explicitly states that the ruler of the body obtains and quits bodies repeatedly, taking the senses with it like wind carrying perfumes.

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Unity Of Beingtheology

The doctrine that all existence is ultimately one substance or one divine reality; non-duality as a theological claim.

The Deity declares 'I am placed in the heart of all' and identifies as the source of memory, knowledge, and the Vedas, asserting a non-dual presence within all existence.

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World Tree Axiscosmology

A vertical structure connecting cosmic levels — a tree, pillar, mountain, or ladder linking heaven, earth, and underworld around which the cosmos is organised. Yggdrasil binding the Nine Worlds in Norse cosmology, the Kalevala's Sampo as world-pillar, the Mayan ceiba, the Vedic Aśvattha, the shamanic central tree of Eliade's analyses. Cosmic-structural in character: distinct from sefirot_tree (a kabbalistic emanation diagram) and emanation_hierarchy (an ontological cascade); world_tree_axis is the cosmos's spine rather than the divine's outflow.

The passage opens with the central metaphor of the Aśvattha tree with roots above and branches below, explicitly described as the cosmic structure connecting the divine realm to the human world.

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Related passages · 2 parallels · 1 contrast
platonism|Plato: Timaeus|Section 1p
Now, when they should be implanted in bodies by necessity, and be always gaining or losing some part of their bodily substance, then in the first place it would be necessary that they should all have in them one and the same faculty of sens…”
Both passages discuss the nature of the soul and its relationship to the body and the divine. They share the concept of an eternal, indestructible aspect of the self that transcends the physical world, and the idea of a higher, divine principle that pervades all existence.
renaissance_hermeticism|Agrippa: The Philosophy of Natural Magic, Chapter XIV — Of the Spirit of the World, What It Is, and How by Way of Medium It Unites Occult Virtues to Their Subjects|Chapter XIV, Section 1a
CHAPTER XIV. Of the Spirit of the World, What It Is, and How by Way of Medium It Unites Occult Virtues to Their Subjects . Democritus and Orpheus, and many Pythagoreans, having most diligently searched into the virtues of celestial things…”
Both passages describe a cosmic tree or spirit that connects and sustains all things, with the Bhagavad Gita's Asvattha tree and the Hermetic text's Spirit of the World serving as conceptual parallels. They also share the idea of a divine principle pervading and supporting the universe.
buddhism|Prajña-pâramitâ-hridaya (Heart Sutra)|Section 1CONTRASTS
THE SMALLER PRA GÑ Â-PÂRAMITÂ- H RI DAYA-SÛTRA. ADORATION TO THE OMNISCIENT! The venerable Bodhisattva Avalokite s vara, performing his study in the deep Pra gñ âpâramitâ (perfection of wisdom), thought thus: 'There are the five Skandhas, a…”
Both passages explore the nature of reality and the self, emphasizing the transcendence of material and perceptual phenomena. The Bhagavad Gita discusses the inexhaustible Ashvattha tree as a metaphor for the cosmic order and the self, while the Prajnaparamita Sutra delves into the emptiness of all phenomena, including the five skandhas. Both texts aim to guide the seeker towards a higher understanding and liberation.