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Gospel of Philip · 2 of 13 · tr. Thomas O. Lambdin

Section 1b

TRUTH MADE NAMES Truth made names in the world, and without them we can’t think. Truth is one and is many, teaching one thing through the many. RULERS The rulers wanted to fool us, since they saw we were connected with the good. They took the names of the good and gave them to the not good so with names they could trick and rope us to the not good. As though doing us a favor, they took names from the not good and placed them on the good. They knew what they were doing. They wanted to grab those of us who were free and make us eternal slaves. FORCES There are forces that don’t want us to be saved. They act for their own sake. . . . If we are saved there will be no sacrifices, no animals offered to the forces. Yes, they made sacrifices to the animals. They were alive when they offered them, and then they died. They offered us dead to god, and we lived. ONCE THERE WAS NO BREAD Before Christ came there was no bread in the world, just as paradise, with its Adam, had many trees for nourishing animals but no wheat for humans. Once we nourished ourselves like animals, but when the perfect Christ came, he carried bread down from heaven so we could eat like humans. RULERS AND THE HOLY SPIRIT The rulers thought they had done everything alone, but in secret the holy spirit on her own accomplished it all. SOWING TRUTH Truth from the beginning is sown everywhere. Many see it sown. Few see it reaped. MARY AND THE HOLY SPIRIT Some say the holy spirit inseminated Mary. They are wrong and don’t know what they are saying. When did a woman ever get a woman pregnant? Mary is a virgin and no powers dirtied her. She is a great repugnance to the Jews who are apostolic, who are the messengers. No powers dirtied the virgin. They dirtied themselves. THE LORD’S FATHER The lord would never say, “My father who is in heaven” unless he had another father elsewhere. He would have simply said, “My father.” POSSESSIONS The lord said to the students, “From every house you are in, take out possessions, but take things into the father’s house and do not steal what is inside and run off.” JESUS IS A HIDDEN NAME Jesus is a hidden name, Christ is an open one. So Jesus is not a word in any tongue but a name they call him. In Syriac the Christ is messias, in Greek he is christos. All languages have their own way of calling him. Nazarene is the revealed name for what is secret. WHAT IS CHRIST? In himself Christ has everything, be it human or angel or mystery and the father. THE LORD ASCENDING Some say the lord died first and then ascended. They are wrong. He rose first and then he died. Unless you are first resurrected, you will not die. As god lives, you would already be dead. PENNY AND SOUL No one would hide a beautiful and valuable object under a lovely cover, but often vast monies are held in a bag worth only a penny. Consider the soul. It is a precious spirit and it came in a contemptible body. SOME ARE AFRAID Some are afraid that they will ascend from death naked, and they want to climb back to life in their flesh. They are unaware that those who wear their flesh are naked, and those who strip are not naked. “Flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of god.” What will we not inherit? The flesh we wear on us. But what then will we inherit as our own? The body of Jesus and his blood.
Themes
Archonscosmology

Malevolent planetary rulers or demiurgic powers that govern the material world and obstruct the soul's ascent.

The text explicitly mentions 'Rulers' and 'Forces' that oppose salvation and seek to enslave humans.

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Cosmic Dualismtheology

Ontological opposition between two primal principles (light/darkness, truth/lie, spirit/matter) as the fundamental structure of reality.

A clear opposition is drawn between the 'good' (Truth) and the 'not good' (Rulers/Forces).

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Demiurgecosmology

A secondary creator deity—often ignorant or malevolent—responsible for fashioning the material world, distinct from the supreme transcendent God.

The 'Rulers' function similarly to a demiurgic power by manipulating the world's order and names against the divine will.

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Detachment Gelassenheitpraxis

Eckhart's Abgeschiedenheit/Gelassenheit — radical letting-go of will, image, and grasping that opens the soul to God; distinct from inner_silence (quietness) and from material renunciation, and adjacent to Sufi tark and Buddhist non-grasping as a practice rather than a metaphysical claim.

The instruction to 'take out possessions' from every house reflects a radical letting-go of material attachments.

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Divine Hiddennesstheology

The supreme God's radical concealment beyond ordinary knowledge or perception; the Hidden Father.

Truth is concealed by rulers who swap names of the good and not good to trick humanity.

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Divine Providencetheology

Pronoia — the doctrine that the divine actively orders the unfolding of the cosmos and human affairs toward intelligible ends, against pure chance or blind necessity.

It is stated that 'in secret the holy spirit on her own accomplished it all,' indicating divine ordering.

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Divine Sparkscosmology

Fragments of divine light or spirit trapped inside material bodies, awaiting liberation and return to their source.

The soul is described as a 'precious spirit' that came in a 'contemptible body,' implying a divine fragment trapped in matter.

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Funerary Navigationpraxis

Texts and rituals guiding the soul through death.

Instructions on ascending from death and the state of the soul after death guide the passage through mortality.

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Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

Salvation is implied to come from understanding the deception of names and recognizing the Truth.

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Kenomacosmology

The void or emptiness outside the pleroma; the realm of matter, ignorance, and deficiency.

The material world is depicted as deficient, having 'no bread' before Christ and nourishing humans like animals.

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Paradox As Teachingethics

Using apparent contradiction, reversal, or riddle to destabilise ordinary understanding and induce insight.

The passage uses paradoxes such as 'Truth is one and is many' and being offered dead to God yet living.

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Pneumatic Electsoteriology

A spiritual elite who possess the divine spark and are predestined for salvation, contrasted with psychic (faithful) and hylic (material) persons.

The text distinguishes between 'those of us who were free' and the many, noting that 'Few see it reaped.'

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Rejection Of Hypocrisyethics

Critique of outward religious observance that lacks inner transformation; form without substance.

The rulers are described as acting 'as though doing us a favor' while actually tricking and enslaving people.

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Renunciation Of Wealthethics

The spiritual danger of attachment to material possessions; wealth as a spiritual obstacle.

The command to remove possessions from houses highlights the spiritual danger of material attachment.

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Return To Sourcesoteriology

The soul's journey back to its divine origin, reversing the fall into matter through stages of purification or illumination.

The goal is to be saved and ascend from death to inherit the body of Jesus, reversing the entrapment.

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Sacred Namestheology

Divine names or formulas that carry ontological power, used in prayer, liturgy, or magical practice.

The passage centrally discusses how Truth created names and how rulers manipulate these names to deceive humanity.

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Separation From Sourcesoteriology

The felt condition of exile from one's divine origin — Rumi's reed flute torn from its bed, Plotinus's 'we have forgotten,' the Gnostic forgetfulness; the affective wound that complements return_to_source and gives the return its motive.

Humans are described as originally 'connected with the good' but tricked and roped to the not good.

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Spiritual Ascentpraxis

A staged journey of the soul upward through heavenly realms or levels of being toward the divine source.

The text discusses ascending from death and the necessity of being resurrected before dying.

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Theosis Deificationsoteriology

The doctrine — central to Eastern Orthodox and Maximian theology — that the human person is progressively transformed into a partaker of the divine nature by grace, not merely justified or united in passing ecstasy.

The saved will inherit 'the body of Jesus and his blood,' indicating a transformation into divine likeness.

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Tripartite Soulanthropology

Division of the human being into three principles: spirit (pneuma), soul (psyche), and body/matter (hyle or soma).

The text distinguishes between the soul, the spirit ('precious spirit'), and the body ('contemptible body').

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Body As Obstacleanthropology

The material body viewed as a prison, tomb, or source of error that hinders spiritual knowledge and return.

[auto] The body is described as 'contemptible' and the text asserts that 'Flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of god.'

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Hidden Sayingssoteriology

Esoteric teachings reserved for those ready to receive them; outer meaning conceals an inner liberating truth.

[auto] The distinction between the hidden name of Jesus and the revealed name Nazarene indicates esoteric teachings reserved for those who understand the secret.

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Related passages · 5 parallels
egyptian|The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani)|Chapter 8 (part 4)
No man knoweth how to know Him--His name remaineth hidden; His name is a mystery unto His children. His names are innumerable, they are manifold and none knoweth their number--God is truth and He liveth by truth and He feedeth thereon. He…”
Both passages explore the nature of the divine, emphasizing the mystery and multiplicity of names and forms associated with the divine. They also highlight the divine as the creator and sustainer of life, and the relationship between the divine and humanity.
egyptian|The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani)|Chapter 43 (part 67)
I am a prince, the son of a prince, a sacred essence which hath preceded from God. I am a great one, the son of a great one, and my father planned my name; I have multitudes of names and multitudes of forms, and my existence is in every go…”
Both passages explore themes of divine names, hidden knowledge, and the interplay between the divine and the created world. They also discuss the concept of a divine being who is both transcendent and immanent, and the struggle against forces that seek to mislead or harm.
egyptian|The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani)|Chapter 43 (part 68)
O tell it unto me, and the poison shall depart; for he shall live whose name shall be revealed." Now the poison burned like fire, and it was fiercer than the flame and the furnace, and the majesty of the god said, "I consent that Isis shall…”
Both passages explore themes of divine identity, hidden names, and the struggle between divine and earthly forces. They share a mystical approach to understanding the nature of the divine and the role of secret knowledge.
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter XLVI
XLVI. The Head of Days and the Son of Man . CHAPTER XLVI. 1. And there I saw One who had a head of days, And His head was white like wool, And with Him was another being whose countenance had the appearance of a man, And his face was full o…”
Both passages discuss a divine figure (Christ in Passage A and the Son of Man in Passage B) who has a special relationship with the divine and plays a role in judgment and salvation. They share themes of righteousness, divine selection, and the contrast between the righteous and the unrighteous.
renaissance_hermeticism|Agrippa: The Philosophy of Natural Magic, Chapter LXX — Of the Virtue of Proper Names|Chapter LXX, Section 1
CHAPTER LXX. Of the Virtue of Proper Names . That the proper names of things are very necessary in Magical Operations, almost all men testify. For the natural power of things proceeds, first, from the objects to the senses, and then from th…”
Both passages discuss the significance and power of names, particularly in a spiritual or mystical context. They share the idea that names have inherent power and can influence reality, though they come from different religious traditions.