← Home
The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani) · 219 of 357 · tr. E.A. Wallis Budge

Chapter 37 (part 1)

PLATES XXXI. AND XXXII. Vignettes: The Hall of Double Right and Truth, wherein Ani has to address severally the forty-two gods, who are seated in a row in the middle of the, hall. At each end is a door that on the right is called "Neb-Maat-heri-tep-retui-f" and that on the left "Neb-pehti-thesu-menment." On the centre of the roof, which is crowned with a series of uræi and feathers emblematic of Maat, is a seated deity with hands extended, the right over the eye of Horus and the left over a pool (see the Vignette of Plate VIII. above, p. 278).[1] On the right, at the end of the hall (Plate XXXII.), are four small vignettes, in which are depicted: (1) Two seated figures of the goddess Maat, with emblematic of Right and Truth, on the head, and sceptres and emblems of life in the right and left hands. (2) Osiris, seated, wearing the atef crown, and holding in his hands the crook and flail. Before him, by the side of an altar of offerings, stands Ani, with both hands raised in adoration. (3) A balance with the heart, symbolizing the conscience of Ani, in one scale, and emblematic of Right and Truth, in the other. Beside the balance is the tri-formed monster Amemit. (4) Thoth, ibis-headed, seated on a pylon-shaped pedestal, painting a large feather of Maat. Text: [THE NEGATIVE CONFESSION.] (1) Ani saith: "Hail, thou whose strides are long, who comest forth from Annu, I have not done iniquity." (2) "Hail, thou who art embraced by flame, who comest forth from Kheraba, I have not robbed with violence." (3) "Hail, Fentiu, who comest forth from Khemennu, I have not stolen." (4) "Hail, Devourer of the Shade, who comest forth from Qernet, I have done no murder; I have done no harm." (5) "Hail, Nehau, who comest forth from Re-stau, I have not defrauded offerings." (6) "Hail, god in the form of two lions, who comest forth from heaven, I have not minished oblations." (7) "Hail, thou whose eyes are of fire, who comest forth from Saut, I have not plundered the god." (8) "Hail, thou Flame, which comest and goest, I have spoken no lies." (9) "Hail, Crusher of bones, who comest forth from Suten-henen, I have not snatched away food." (10) "Hail, thou who shootest forth the Flame, who comest forth from Het-Ptah-ka, I have not caused pain." [1.
Themes
Eschatological Judgmentsoteriology

Final, collective cosmic judgment as an event in which the wicked are sentenced and the cosmos restored; distinct from psychopomp_journey (individual passage at death) and emphasising verdict where Zoroastrian frashokereti emphasises restoration.

The text describes the setting of the 'Hall of Double Right and Truth' where the deceased faces judgment based on their conduct.

All passages →
Prayerpraxis

Direct address to the divine, whether petitionary, contemplative, or liturgical; speech and silence offered upward.

The text is a liturgical recitation addressed directly to the gods and the lord of the earth.

All passages →
Sacred Namestheology

Divine names or formulas that carry ontological power, used in prayer, liturgy, or magical practice.

The speaker claims safety because they 'know... the names of the gods who live therein', attributing power to divine nomenclature.

All passages →
Theurgypraxis

Iamblichean ritual practice that engages the gods directly through consecrated material symbols and actions, on the premise that divine power descends into properly prepared matter — distinct from philosophical contemplation alone.

The recitation of specific texts and knowledge of names is used to engage divine power for safe passage in the afterlife.

All passages →
Anthropomorphismtheology

Attributing human characteristics, emotions, or form to the divine; embodied divine imagery.

[auto] Divine beings are described with human or animal characteristics such as nostrils, eyes, and the ability to walk in processions.

All passages →
Funerary Navigationpraxis

Texts and rituals guiding the soul through death.

[auto] This text is from the Book of the Dead and functions as a spell to guide the deceased through the judgment process in the afterlife.

All passages →
Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

[auto] The text depicts deities as active agents who make men live, have processions, and oversee offerings.

All passages →
Maat Cosmic Ordercosmology

The Egyptian principle of truth, balance, and right order underlying both the cosmos and human conduct; the parallel to Zoroastrian asha and Greek dike.

[auto] The passage centers on adherence to truth and balance ('Hall of Double Right and Truth') through negative confessions aligning with the Egyptian principle of Maat.

All passages →
Psychopomp Journeycosmology

Guided passage of the soul through afterlife realms.

[auto] The confession is a critical step in the guided passage of the soul through the afterlife realms toward judgment.

All passages →
Ritual Puritypraxis

The maintenance of a state of cleanliness—physical, moral, or spiritual—required for encounter with the divine.

[auto] The passage repeatedly declares 'I am pure' and lists moral and ritual transgressions avoided to establish a state of cleanliness required for divine encounter.

All passages →
Self Examinationpraxis

Daily review of thought and action as spiritual practice.

[auto] The speaker systematically reviews their actions and thoughts by confessing what they have not done as a spiritual practice before judgment.

All passages →
Related passages · 2 parallels
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter XLVI
XLVI. The Head of Days and the Son of Man . CHAPTER XLVI. 1. And there I saw One who had a head of days, And His head was white like wool, And with Him was another being whose countenance had the appearance of a man, And his face was full o…”
Both passages describe a judgment scene where the deceased or righteous individual is evaluated based on their moral conduct. In Passage A, Ani confesses his innocence before the gods, while in Passage B, the Son of Man judges the kings and the mighty for their unrighteousness. Both emphasize moral accountability and divine justice.
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter LXII
LXII. Judgement of the Kings and the Mighty: Blessedness of the Righteous . CHAPTER LXII. 1. And thus the Lord commanded the kings and the mighty and the exalted, and those who dwell on the earth, and said: 'Open your eyes and lift up your…”
Both passages describe a judgment scene where the righteous are vindicated and the unrighteous are condemned. They share the theme of moral accountability and divine justice, though they come from different mystical traditions.