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Avesta (Gathas) · 1 of 3 · tr. L.H. Mills

Ahunavaiti Gatha, Yasna XXXI, Section 1a

1. These doctrines (therefore) we are earnestly declaring to You as we recite them forth from memory, words (till now) unheard 1 (with faith) by those who by means of the doctrinal vows 2 of the harmful Lie are delivering the settlements of Righteousness to death, but words which are of the best unto those who are heartily devoted to Ahura 3 . 2. And if by this means the indubitable truths 4 are not seen in the soul 5 , then as better (than these words) I will come to you all (in my person) with p. 41 that power, and in that way according to which Ahura Mazda knows and appoints His ruler 1 , that ruler over both the two (struggling) bands 2 , in order that we (in obedience to him), may live according to Righteousness 3 . 3. And that keenness, that deciding satisfaction, which Thou hast given by (Thy) Spirit 4 , and (Thy) Fire, and by Thy Righteousness (itself) to the two battling 5 (sides), do Thou declare unto us, O Ahura! that vow which is for the seeing 6 (as those endowed with mental light). Yea, do Thou declare this that we may know it, O Mazda! With the tongue of Thy mouth do Thou speak it (that as I preach its mighty truths 7 ) I may make all the living believers 8 ! p. 42 4. And when the Divine Righteousness shall be inclined to my appeal 1 , and with him all those (remaining ones who are as) Mazda's 2 (own) Ahuras then with the blessedness (of the reward), with (my) Piety and with Thy Best Mind (active within me), I will pray 3 for that mighty Kingdom by whose force 4 we may smite the Lie-demon 5 . 5. Aye, do Thou tell me that I may discern it, since through (Thy) Righteous Order the better (lot) is 6 given; tell me this that I may know it with (Thy) Good Mind (as it speaks within me), and that I may ponder 7 that to which these my truths 8 belong (and p. 43 of which my prophet speaks; yea), tell me those things, O Mazda Ahura! which may not be, and which may be 1 . 6 2 . And that verily shall be the best of all words to Him which the All-(wise one) will 3 declare to me in very deed, that word which is the Mãthra of Welfare and of Immortality (for it proclaims His beneficent power). And to the Great Creator (shall there be) a Realm such as that (whose strength I asked for victory 4 ), and which (at the last) shall flourish 5 in its holiness to His (glory 6 )! 7. (For He has sovereign control.) He who conceived of these (truths of the Mãthra) as their first (inspirer), (and as He thought their existence they p. 44 [paragraph continues] (all) as (His) glorious 1 (conceptions first) clothed themselves in the stars 2 ), He is through His understanding the Creator 3 of the Righteous Order. And thus likewise He supports His Beneficent Mind (in His saints). And these (holy creatures) may’st Thou cause to prosper by Thy Spirit (since they are Thine own), O Ahura Mazda! Thou who art for every hour the same 4 ! 8. Therefore 5 , as the first 6 did I conceive of Thee, O Ahura Mazda!
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Themes
Ahura Mazda Principlecosmology

The divine ordering principle of truth and light.

The passage is a direct address to Ahura Mazda, centering on His power, mind, and role as the supreme deity.

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Angra Mainyu Principlecosmology

The principle of cosmic disorder and falsity.

The 'harmful Lie' and 'Lie-demon' represent the principle of cosmic disorder and falsity opposing Ahura Mazda.

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Anthropomorphismtheology

Attributing human characteristics, emotions, or form to the divine; embodied divine imagery.

God is addressed with human attributes such as 'tongue of Thy mouth' and having a 'Spirit' and 'Mind'.

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Asha Cosmic Ordercosmology

Truth as the fundamental structure of reality.

Righteousness (Asha) and Righteous Order are central themes, described as the fundamental structure of reality to be followed.

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Cosmic Dualismtheology

Ontological opposition between two primal principles (light/darkness, truth/lie, spirit/matter) as the fundamental structure of reality.

The text explicitly describes two struggling bands and the conflict between Truth/Righteousness and the Lie-demon.

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Cosmogonycosmology

Narratives or doctrines of cosmic origin — how heaven, earth, and the primordial deities first came into being. The Kojiki's deities born alone on the Plain of High Heaven, Voluspo's Ginnungagap, Genesis's tohu wa-bohu, the Timaeus's Demiurge fashioning the Receptacle, the Hesiodic Theogony, the Kalevala's egg-cosmogony, Egyptian Nun-and-Atum. Distinct from emanation_hierarchy (structural-ontological cascade), letters_of_creation (mechanism of creation), and apocatastasis/frashokereti (end-state restoration); cosmogony is temporally-narrative beginning.

There is a brief reference to the Creator conceiving truths that clothed themselves in the stars.

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Divine Providencetheology

Pronoia — the doctrine that the divine actively orders the unfolding of the cosmos and human affairs toward intelligible ends, against pure chance or blind necessity.

Ahura Mazda is described as knowing and appointing the ruler over the two bands, indicating active ordering of affairs.

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Eschatological Judgmentsoteriology

Final, collective cosmic judgment as an event in which the wicked are sentenced and the cosmos restored; distinct from psychopomp_journey (individual passage at death) and emphasising verdict where Zoroastrian frashokereti emphasises restoration.

The text envisions a final victory where the Lie-demon is smitten and the righteous are rewarded with a Kingdom.

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Good Thought Word Deedethics

The Zoroastrian triad of right thought, right speech, and right action as the foundation of ethical life; truth-in-living.

The triad is reflected in the emphasis on Best Mind (thought), words of truth (speech), and living according to Righteousness (action).

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

Ahura Mazda is portrayed as active, responsive to prayer, and the same for every hour, rather than an abstract principle.

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Prayerpraxis

Direct address to the divine, whether petitionary, contemplative, or liturgical; speech and silence offered upward.

The entire passage is structured as a petitionary prayer asking Ahura Mazda to declare truths and grant victory.

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Ritual Firepraxis

Fire as medium of divine presence.

Fire is mentioned alongside Spirit and Righteousness as a means by which God gives keenness.

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Word Power Incantationpraxis

The doctrine and practice that spoken or sung word carries causal-magical force — that uttering names, formulas, songs, or incantations alters reality directly rather than merely communicating about it. Vainamoinen's runo-songs that move mountains and command iron, Norse galdr, Vedic mantra, Shinto kotodama, the magician's barbarous names in the Greek Magical Papyri, Iamblichean arcane signatures and inexplicable symbols, biblical creation-by-word. Distinct from sacred_names (the ontological power of names themselves) and prayer (address to the divine); word_power_incantation is the magical-causal efficacy of the spoken word as such.

The 'Mãthra of Welfare and of Immortality' is described as proclaiming beneficent power, indicating the causal force of divine words.

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