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The Masnavi, Book I (Rumi) · 20 of 37 · tr. E.H. Whinfield

STORY VIIIa

The Harper. In the time of the Khalifa 'Omar there lived a harper, whose voice was as sweet as that of the angel Israfil, and who was in great request at all feasts. But he grew old, and his voice broke, and no one would employ him any longer. In despair he went to the burial-ground of Yathrub, and there played his harp to God, looking to Him for recompense. Having finished his melody he fell asleep, and dreamed he was in heaven. The same night a divine voice came to 'Omar, directing him to go to the burial-ground, and relieve an old man whom he should find there. 'Omar proceeded to the place, found the harper, and gave him money, promising him more when he should need it. The harper cast away his harp, saying that it had diverted him from God, and expressed great contrition for his past sins. 'Omar then instructed him that his worldly journey was now over, and that he must not give way to contrition for the past, as he was now entered into the state of ecstasy and intoxication of union with God, and in this exalted state regard to past and future should be swept away. The harper acted on his instructions, and sang no more. Apology for applying the term "Bride" to God. Mustafa became beside himself at that sweet call, His prayer failed on "the night of the early morning halt." He lifted not head from that blissful sleep," 1 So that his morning prayer was put off till noon. On that, his wedding night, in presence of his bride, His pure soul attained to kiss her hands. Love and mistress are both veiled and hidden, Impute it not as a fault if I call Him "Bride." I would have kept silence from fear of my Beloved, If He had granted me but a moment's respite. But He said, "Speak on, 'tis no fault, 'Tis naught but the necessary result of the hidden decree, 'Tis a fault only to him who only sees faults. How can the Pure Hidden Spirit notice faults?" Faults seem so to ignorant creatures, Not in the sight of the Lord of Benignity. Blasphemy even may be wisdom in the Creator's si ht, Whereas from our point of view it is grievous sin. If one fault occur among a hundred beauties 'Tis as one dry stick in a garden of green herbs. Both weigh equally in the scales For the two resemble body and soul. Wherefore the sages have said not idly, " The bodies of the righteous are as pure souls." Their words, their actions, their praises, Are all as a pure soul without spot or blemish. 'Omar rebukes the Harper for brooding over and bewailing the past. Then 'Omar said to him, "This wailing of thine Shows thou art still in a state of ' sobriety."' Afterwards he thus urged him to quit that state And called him out of his beggary to absorption in God: "Sobriety savours of memory of the past; Past and future are what veil God from our sight. Burn up both of them with fire! How long Wilt thou be partitioned by these segments as a reed? So long as a reed has partitions 'tis not privy to secrets, Nor is it vocal in response to lip and breathing. While circumambulating the house thou art a stranger; When thou enterest in thou art at home. Thou whose knowledge is ignorance of the Giver of knowledge, Thy wailing contrition is worse than thy sin. The road of the 'annihilated' is another road; Sobriety is wrong, and a straying from that other road.
Themes
Anthropomorphismtheology

Attributing human characteristics, emotions, or form to the divine; embodied divine imagery.

God is referred to as 'Bride' and 'Mistress,' attributing human relational roles to the Divine.

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Apophatic Theologytheology

Describing the divine only by negation—God transcends all positive categories and concepts; the via negativa.

The text states 'Thy knowledge is ignorance of the Giver,' negating human categories to describe the divine.

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Detachment Gelassenheitpraxis

Eckhart's Abgeschiedenheit/Gelassenheit — radical letting-go of will, image, and grasping that opens the soul to God; distinct from inner_silence (quietness) and from material renunciation, and adjacent to Sufi tark and Buddhist non-grasping as a practice rather than a metaphysical claim.

The harper casts away his harp and is told to burn up past and future, letting go of attachments.

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Divine Hiddennesstheology

The supreme God's radical concealment beyond ordinary knowledge or perception; the Hidden Father.

Love and the mistress are described as 'veiled and hidden,' and God is called the 'Pure Hidden Spirit'.

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Evil As Privationtheology

Augustinian and Plotinian doctrine that evil has no positive being of its own but is a lack, distortion, or absence of the good — denying ontological dualism while preserving moral seriousness.

Faults are described as negligible compared to beauties and only faults to the ignorant, not in the sight of the Lord.

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Paradox As Teachingethics

Using apparent contradiction, reversal, or riddle to destabilise ordinary understanding and induce insight.

The text asserts that 'Blasphemy even may be wisdom' and knowledge is ignorance to convey higher truths.

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Separation From Sourcesoteriology

The felt condition of exile from one's divine origin — Rumi's reed flute torn from its bed, Plotinus's 'we have forgotten,' the Gnostic forgetfulness; the affective wound that complements return_to_source and gives the return its motive.

The reed metaphor ('partitioned by these segments as a reed') alludes to the separation from the divine source or bed.

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Unity Of Beingtheology

The doctrine that all existence is ultimately one substance or one divine reality; non-duality as a theological claim.

The state of union implies the dissolution of separation between lover and Beloved into one reality.

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Divine Intoxicationpraxis

Ecstatic, non-rational receptivity to the divine figured as drunkenness — Plato's symposium wine, Rumi's sukr, Eckhart's 'sober drunkenness'; the passive/receptive metaphor for divine encounter, distinct from divine_madness's active possessing rapture.

[auto] The passage contrasts 'sobriety' with 'intoxication of union,' favoring the latter as the higher spiritual state.

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Divine Marriagesoteriology

The reunification of complementary divine principles (male-female, spirit-matter) as a symbol of wholeness and salvation.

[auto] The passage explicitly uses the metaphor of a wedding night with God as the Bride to describe the soul's mystical experience.

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Fana Annihilationsoteriology

Sufi self-effacement in God — the via by which the lover is unmade as a separate ego and recovered as God's act; specifies the practice/event rather than mystical_union's resulting state.

[auto] Omar explicitly instructs the harper on the 'road of the annihilated' as distinct from the state of sobriety.

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Mystical Unionsoteriology

The merging of the individual soul or self with the divine, transcending personal identity.

[auto] The text describes the ultimate state as 'intoxication of union with God' and 'absorption in God'.

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Related passages · 7 parallels
finnic|The Kalevala|Rune Vc
Finally the ancient minstrel, Mind depressed, and heart discouraged, Spake these words, immersed in sorrow: "Fool am I, and great my folly, Having neither wit nor judgment; Surely once I had some knowledge, Had some insight into wisdom, Had…”
Both passages explore themes of loss, despair, and the search for guidance and solace. They also touch on the idea of moving beyond past sorrows and finding a new path or union with a higher power or wisdom.
finnic|The Kalevala|Rune XLd
Louhi, hostess of the Northland, Took the harp-strings in her fingers; All the youth of Sariola, Youth of every tribe and station, Vainly touched the harp of fish-bone; Could not find the notes of joyance, Dissonance their only pleasure; Sh…”
Both passages involve a harper whose music has lost its appeal, and both feature a transformative moment where the harper's instrument is either cast aside or reconsidered. The themes of divine intervention and the transition from worldly concerns to spiritual union are present in both, though expressed within different cultural and religious contexts.
finnic|The Kalevala|Rune XLIa
'S HARP-SONGS. Wainamoinen, ancient minstrel, The eternal wisdom-singer, Laves his hands to snowy whiteness, Sits upon the rock of joyance, On the stone of song be settles, On the mount of silver clearness, On the summit, golden colored; T…”
Both passages feature a harper whose music has a profound impact on those who hear it, leading to a spiritual or mystical experience. The harpers in both traditions serve as a bridge between the human and divine realms, highlighting the transformative power of music and art in spiritual contexts.
finnic|The Kalevala|Rune XLIVa
OF THE SECOND HARP. Wainamoinen, ancient minstrel, Long reflecting, sang these measures: "It is now the time befitting To awaken joy and gladness, Time for me to touch the harp-strings, Time to sing the songs primeval, In these spacious ha…”
Both passages explore the theme of loss and the search for spiritual renewal. The harper in each tradition loses their instrument and seeks a deeper connection with the divine, highlighting the mystical journey and the transcendence of worldly attachments.
finnic|The Kalevala|Rune XLIVc
"Give me, maiden, of thy tresses, Give to me thy golden ringlets; I will weave them into harp-strings, To the joy of Wainamoinen, To the pleasure of his people." Thereupon the forest-maiden Gave the singer of her tresses, Gave him of her go…”
Both passages highlight the transformative power of music and its connection to the divine or mystical experiences. They emphasize the profound impact of the harp and its music on the natural world and the people, as well as the spiritual journey of the harper.
finnic|The Kalevala|Rune XLVIIa
STEALS SUN, MOON, AND FIRE. Wainamoinen, ancient minstrel, Touched again his magic harp-strings, Sang in miracles of concord, Filled the north with joy and gladness. Melodies arose to heaven, Songs arose to Luna's chambers, Echoed through…”
Both passages explore themes of divine intervention and the restoration of light or spiritual enlightenment. In Passage A, Ukko creates new light after the Sun and Moon are stolen, while in Passage B, the Khalifa 'Omar provides spiritual guidance and material support to the harper, leading to his spiritual awakening and union with God.
mesopotamian|Epic of Gilgamesh: Tablet XII — Gilgamish Enquires of the Dead|Tablet XII, Section 1a
THE TWELFTH TABLET. GILGAMISH, IN DESPAIR, ENQUIRES OF THE DEAD. . (Then), what time that the seine had pass’d through the Architect 's dwelling, (Aye, and) the net [had taken its toll] . . . . [said he]: "Lord, what [is’t I may do]…”
[auto] Underworld consultation: Tablet XII enquires of the dead; BoD ch.84 concerns dominion in the realm of the dead.