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The Masnavi, Book I (Rumi) · 6 of 37 · tr. E.H. Whinfield

STORY IIIa

The Jewish King, his Vazir, and the Christians. A certain Jewish king used to persecute the Christians, desiring to exterminate their faith. His Vazir persuaded him to try a stratagem, namely, to mutilate the Vazir himself, and expel him from his court, with the intent that he might take refuge with the Christians, and stir up mutual dissensions amongst them. The Vazir's suggestion was adopted.1 He fled to the Christians, and found no difficulty in persuading them that he had been treated in that barbarous way on account of his attachment to the Christian faith. He soon gained complete influence over them, and was accepted as a saintly martyr and a divine teacher. Only a few discerning men divined his treachery ; the majority were all deluded by him. The Christians were divided into twelve legions, and at the head of each was a captain. To each of these captains the Vazir gave secretly a volume of religious directions, taking care to make the directions in each volume different from and contradictory to those in the others. One volume enjoined fasting, another charity, another faith, another works, and so on. Afterwards the Vazir withdrew into a cave, and refused to come out to instruct his disciples, in spite of all their entreaties. Calling the captains to him, he gave secret instructions to each to set himself up as his successor, and to be guided by the instructions in the volume secretly confided to him, and to slay all other claimants of the apostolic office. Having given these directions, he slew himself. In the event each captain set himself up as the Vazir's successor, and the Christians were split up into many sects at enmity with one another, even as the Vazir had intended. But the malicious scheme did not, altogether succeed, as one faithful band cleaved to the name of "Ahmad," mentioned in the Gospel,2 and were thus saved from sharing the ruin of the rest. The Vazir's Teaching. Myriads of Christians flocked round him, One after another they assembled in his street. Then he would preach to them of mysteries, Mysteries of the Gospel, of stoles, of prayers. He would preach to them with eloquent words Concerning the words and acts of the Messiah. Outwardly he was a preacher of religious duties, But within a decoy call and a fowler's snare. Therefore the followers of the Prophet ('Isa) Were beguiled by the fraud of that demon soul. He mingled in his discourses many secret doctrines Concerning devotion and sincerity of soul. He taught them to make a fair show of devotion, But to say of secret sins, "What do they matter?" Hair by hair and jot by jot they learned of him Fraud of soul, as roses might learn of garlic. Hair-splitters and all their disciples Are darkened by similar preaching and discourse. The Christians gave their hearts to him entirely, For the blind faith of the vulgar has no discernment. In their inmost breasts they planted love of him, And fancied him to be the Vicar of Christ; Yea, him, that one-eyed and cursed Dajjal! 3 Save us. O God ! who art our only defender! O God, there are hundreds of snares and baits, And we are even as greedy and foolish birds; Every moment our feet are caught in a fresh snare ; Yea, each one of us, though he be a falcon or Simurgh! Thou dost release us every moment, and straightway We again fly into the snare, O Almighty One! Sleep of the body the soul's awakening. Every night Thou freest our spirits from the body And its snare, making them pure as rased tablets.
Themes
Body As Obstacleanthropology

The material body viewed as a prison, tomb, or source of error that hinders spiritual knowledge and return.

The poem explicitly describes the body as a 'snare' from which the spirit is freed during sleep, hindering spiritual purity.

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Divine Providencetheology

Pronoia — the doctrine that the divine actively orders the unfolding of the cosmos and human affairs toward intelligible ends, against pure chance or blind necessity.

The narrator affirms that God actively orders human affairs by releasing spirits from the body's snare every moment.

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Fasting And Prayerpraxis

Ascetic disciplines that prepare the body and mind for spiritual receptivity or purification.

Religious duties such as fasting and prayer are mentioned as outward practices taught by the Vazir and used by the narrator.

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Hidden Sayingssoteriology

Esoteric teachings reserved for those ready to receive them; outer meaning conceals an inner liberating truth.

The Vazir utilized secret instructions to divide sects, while the text also references 'Mysteries of the Gospel' known to the faithful.

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Inner Lightanthropology

The divine spark or luminous quality residing within the human person, potentially recognisable through introspection.

The purification of the spirit at night suggests an inner luminous quality ('pure as rased tablets') restored by God.

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

God is addressed as an active 'defender' who constantly releases souls from snares, emphasizing a dynamic personal relationship.

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Pneumatic Electsoteriology

A spiritual elite who possess the divine spark and are predestined for salvation, contrasted with psychic (faithful) and hylic (material) persons.

A distinction is drawn between the 'discerning men' who saw through the deception and the 'vulgar' majority who were deluded.

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Prayerpraxis

Direct address to the divine, whether petitionary, contemplative, or liturgical; speech and silence offered upward.

The text includes direct invocations to God ('Save us... O God') seeking protection from spiritual snares.

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Return To Sourcesoteriology

The soul's journey back to its divine origin, reversing the fall into matter through stages of purification or illumination.

The nightly release of spirits from the body is described as making them 'pure as rased tablets,' implying a temporary return to divine origin.

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Sacred Namestheology

Divine names or formulas that carry ontological power, used in prayer, liturgy, or magical practice.

The name 'Ahmad' is cited as the specific identifier that saved one faithful band from ruin.

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Separation From Sourcesoteriology

The felt condition of exile from one's divine origin — Rumi's reed flute torn from its bed, Plotinus's 'we have forgotten,' the Gnostic forgetfulness; the affective wound that complements return_to_source and gives the return its motive.

The plea for salvation from snares implies a state of exile or separation from God's protection that requires divine intervention.

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Spiritual Ascentpraxis

A staged journey of the soul upward through heavenly realms or levels of being toward the divine source.

The awakening of the soul from the body's sleep represents a movement upward toward purity and divine connection.

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Tripartite Soulanthropology

Division of the human being into three principles: spirit (pneuma), soul (psyche), and body/matter (hyle or soma).

The text distinguishes between the 'body' and the 'spirit' or 'soul,' treating them as separate entities with different natures.

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Rejection Of Hypocrisyethics

Critique of outward religious observance that lacks inner transformation; form without substance.

[auto] The passage centrally critiques the Vazir's outward piety masking inner treachery and condemns those who follow religious forms without inner truth.

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Related passages · 2 parallels
celtic|The Mabinogion|Tale THE STORY OF LLUDD AND LLEVELYSb
And by the common counsel of the nobles, Lludd the son of Beli went to Llevelys his brother, king of France, for he was a man great of counsel and wisdom, to seek his advice. And they made ready a fleet, and that in secret and in silence,…”
Both passages involve a wise figure (Llevelys and the Vazir) providing strategic advice to a ruler (Lludd and the Jewish king) to overcome a significant challenge. The advice involves deception and the use of specific tools or methods to achieve a resolution, highlighting the theme of wisdom and strategy in leadership.
gnosticism|Pistis Sophia|Document FIRSTj
And the Adamas the great Tyrant with all the Tyrants who become in all the Aeons began to war without cause against the light and they knew not [24 ] with whom they are warring, because that they were not seeing anyone except the light whic…”
Both passages deal with the theme of deception and the manipulation of spiritual or religious followers. In Passage A, the Tyrants are deceived and their powers are limited, while in Passage B, the Vazir deceives the Christians to create divisions among them. Both texts explore the consequences of such deceptions on the followers and the broader spiritual community.