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Enuma Elish: The Epic of Creation · 7 of 12 · tr. L.W. King

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When the gods, his fathers, beheld the fulfillment of his word, They rejoiced, and they did homage unto him, saying, " Marduk is king!" They bestowed upon him the scepter, and the throne, and the ring, They give him an invincible weapony which overwhelmeth the foe. Go, and cut off the life of Tiamat, And let the wind carry her blood into secret places." After the gods his fathers had decreed for the lord his fate, They caused him to set out on a path of prosperity and success. He made ready the bow, he chose his weapon, He slung a spear upon him and fastened it... He raised the club, in his right hand he grasped it, The bow and the quiver he hung at his side. He set the lightning in front of him, With burning flame he filled his body. He made a net to enclose the inward parts of Tiamat, The four winds he stationed so that nothing of her might escape; The South wind and the North wind and the East wind and the West wind He brought near to the net, the gift of his father Anu. He created the evil wind, and the tempest, and the hurricane, And the fourfold wind, and the sevenfold wind, and the whirlwind, and the wind which had no equal; He sent forth the winds which he had created, the seven of them; To disturb the inward parts of Tiamat, they followed after him. Then the lord raised the thunderbolt, his mighty weapon, He mounted the chariot, the storm unequaled for terror, He harnessed and yoked unto it four horses, Destructive, ferocious, overwhelming, and swift of pace; ... were their teeth, they were flecked with foam; They were skilled in... , they had been trained to trample underfoot. ... . mighty in battle, Left and right.... His garment was... , he was clothed with terror, With overpowering brightness his head was crowned. Then he set out, he took his way, And toward the raging Tiamat he set his face. On his lips he held ..., ... he grasped in his hand. Then they beheld him, the gods beheld him, The gods his fathers beheld him, the gods beheld him. And the lord drew nigh, he gazed upon the inward parts of Tiamat, He perceived the muttering of Kingu, her spouse. As Marduk gazed, Kingu was troubled in his gait, His will was destroyed and his motions ceased. And the gods, his helpers, who marched by his side, Beheld their leader's..., and their sight was troubled. But Tiamat... , she turned not her neck, With lips that failed not she uttered rebellious words: "... thy coming as lord of the gods, From their places have they gathered, in thy place are they! " Then the lord raised the thunderbolt, his mighty weapon, And against Tiamat, who was raging, thus he sent the word: Thou art become great, thou hast exalted thyself on high, And thy heart hath prompted thee to call to battle. ... their fathers..., ... their... thou hatest... Thou hast exalted Kingu to be thy spouse, Thou hast... him, that, even as Anu, he should issue deerees. thou hast followed after evil, And against the gods my fathers thou hast contrived thy wicked plan. Let then thy host be equipped, let thy weapons be girded on! Stand! I and thou, let us join battle! When Tiamat heard these words, She was like one posessed, .she lost her reason. Tiamat uttered wild, piercing cries, She trembled and shook to her very foundations.
Themes
Divine Providencetheology

Pronoia — the doctrine that the divine actively orders the unfolding of the cosmos and human affairs toward intelligible ends, against pure chance or blind necessity.

The gods actively decree the lord's fate and set him on a path of prosperity and success, indicating divine ordering of events.

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Ritual Firepraxis

Fire as medium of divine presence.

Fire is utilized as a medium of divine power and presence when Marduk fills his body with burning flame for battle.

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Sacred Namestheology

Divine names or formulas that carry ontological power, used in prayer, liturgy, or magical practice.

The declaration 'Marduk is king!' functions as a formulaic utterance that confers ontological authority and power upon the deity.

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Anthropomorphismtheology

Attributing human characteristics, emotions, or form to the divine; embodied divine imagery.

[auto] Divine beings are described with human characteristics such as hands, bodies, emotions, and the use of weapons.

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Cosmic Dualismtheology

Ontological opposition between two primal principles (light/darkness, truth/lie, spirit/matter) as the fundamental structure of reality.

[auto] The text establishes a fundamental conflict between Marduk representing order and kingship against Tiamat representing chaos and the foe.

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Divine Lighttheology

The uncreated luminous quality of the divine, sometimes experienced directly in mystical states; illumination as revelation.

[auto] Marduk is described as being filled with burning flame and setting lightning in front of him as manifestations of divine power.

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

[auto] The passage depicts the gods as active, emotional beings who rejoice, decree fates, and engage in physical combat.

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Related passages · 13 parallels
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And Peredur having overthrown the three hundred men of her household, sat down beside her, and the Countess said, “I thank Heaven that I have a youth so fair and so valiant as thou, since I have not obtained the man whom best I love.” “Who…”
Both passages depict a heroic figure who overcomes a significant challenge (Peredur slaying the serpent, Marduk defeating Tiamat) and then receives homage from others. The themes of valor, leadership, and divine or supernatural intervention are present in both.
egyptian|The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani)|Chapter 8 (part 2)
Verily it shall be cast forth by my healing words of power, and I will drive it away from before the sight of thy sunbeams." The holy god opened his mouth and said, "I was passing along my path, and I was going through the two regions of my…”
Both passages involve a divine figure (Ra and Marduk) facing a significant challenge (a serpent's bite and a cosmic battle with Tiamat) and the intervention of other deities (Isis and the gods) to resolve the crisis. They share themes of divine power, the revelation of divine names, and the restoration of order.
egyptian|The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani)|Chapter 8 (part 8)
His name is gracious, and the love of him is sweet; and at the dawn all people make supplication unto him through his mighty power and terrible strength, and every god lieth in fear of him. He is the young bull that destroyeth the wicked,…”
Both passages describe a supreme deity with immense power and authority over creation, who is revered by other gods and humans. They highlight the deity's role in the origin of the world and their unknowable, hidden nature.
egyptian|The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani)|Chapter 20 (part 3)
I am the son of Osiris, I have made the way, I have passed thereover into Neter-khert." PLATE XII.-- Vignette V.: The fifth Arit, guarded by three gods; the first with the head of a hawk, the second the head of a man, and the third the head…”
Both passages describe a divine figure overcoming a chaotic force and restoring order. In Passage A, Osiris and Ani navigate through the afterlife, overcoming obstacles and restoring the divine order. In Passage B, Marduk battles Tiamat to establish his kingship and restore cosmic order. Both texts involve divine journeys, battles against chaos, and the restoration of order.
egyptian|The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani)|Chapter 20 (part 8)
I have made Osiris, the overlord of the netherworld, to be victorious over his enemies; and I have carried away all his foes to the place of slaughter in the East; they shall never come forth from the durance of the god Seb therein. (79) I…”
Both passages describe a divine figure overcoming enemies and establishing order, with the protagonist gaining power and recognition from other deities. The themes of victory, divine authority, and cosmic order are central to both texts.
egyptian|The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani)|Chapter 21 (part 2)
Vignette: The gods Horus, Isis, Mestha and Hapi. Text: (1) The great divine rulers who are in Pe and Tep are Horus, Isis, Mestha, and Hapi. Now setting up the columns (2) of Horus [signifieth] the command given by Set unto his followers:…”
Both passages describe a divine figure (Thoth in Passage A and Marduk in Passage B) who is called upon to triumph over enemies or chaotic forces. They share themes of divine victory, the establishment of order, and the intervention of gods in human or cosmic affairs.
egyptian|The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani)|Chapter 22 (part 2)
"Hail, Thoth, who madest Osiris victorious (3) over his enemies, make thou the Osiris Ani (triumphant before Osiris) victorious over his enemies in the presence of the great godlike rulers who are in (4) Re-stau, on the night when Anubis la…”
Both passages describe a divine figure (Osiris in Passage A and Marduk in Passage B) triumphing over enemies or chaotic forces, with the support of other deities. They share themes of divine victory, cosmic order, and the intervention of gods in the fate of the world or the individual.
egyptian|The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani)|Chapter 33 (part 1)
PLATE XXVI. underworld fear me, and they (17) fight for me [in their habitations]. I, in very truth I am a shining one and a dweller in light, who hath been created and who hath come into being (18) from the body of the god. I am one of…”
Both passages describe a divine figure (Osiris Ani and Marduk) seeking power, protection, and dominion over their respective realms. They share themes of divine authority, transformation, and the subjugation of chaotic forces.
egyptian|The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani)|Chapter 36 (part 1)
PLATES XXIX. AND XXX. Vignette (PLATE XXIX.): Ani and his wife standing with hands raised in adoration before the god Thoth, who has ankh , "life," upon his knees, and is seated on a pylon-shaped throne. Text [CHAPTER CLXXV.]: (1) THE CH…”
Both passages depict a divine battle where a god (Marduk in Passage A and Thoth/Horus in Passage B) confronts chaos or evil forces (Tiamat in Passage A and the chaos brought by the children of Nut in Passage B). The themes of divine order triumphing over chaos and the establishment of divine rule are central to both narratives.
egyptian|The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani)|Chapter 36 (part 3)
Text [CHAPTER CXXV.]: (1) THE CHAPTER OF ENTERING INTO THE HALL OF DOUBLE RIGHT AND TRUTH: A HYMN OF PRAISE TO OSIRIS, THE DWELLER IN AMENTET. Osiris, the scribe Ani, triumphant, saith: (2) "I have come and I have drawn nigh to see thy bea…”
Both passages describe a divine figure (Horus in Passage A and Marduk in Passage B) who is established as a king or ruler, receiving homage and power from other gods. They also share themes of divine succession and the establishment of order.
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egyptian|The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani)|Chapter 38 (part 5)
'Thou (40) knowest us, pass thou by us.' 'Thou shalt not tread upon me,' saith the floor of the hall, I unless thou tell my name.' 'I am silent, I am pure.' 'I know not (41) [the names of] thy two feet with which thou wouldst walk upon me;…”
Both passages describe a divine figure who must confront and overcome a chaotic force, using specific rituals, weapons, and divine names. They share themes of purification, divine authority, and the use of sacred knowledge to navigate and triumph over adversity.
egyptian|The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani)|Chapter 43 (part 67)
I am a prince, the son of a prince, a sacred essence which hath preceded from God. I am a great one, the son of a great one, and my father planned my name; I have multitudes of names and multitudes of forms, and my existence is in every go…”
Both passages describe a divine figure who is afflicted and seeks healing, involving a dialogue with another deity. They share themes of divine power, creation, and the struggle against chaos or illness.
egyptian|The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani)|Chapter 43 (part 68)
O tell it unto me, and the poison shall depart; for he shall live whose name shall be revealed." Now the poison burned like fire, and it was fiercer than the flame and the furnace, and the majesty of the god said, "I consent that Isis shall…”
Both passages describe a divine figure who is afflicted and seeks healing, involving a dialogue with another deity. They share themes of divine power, creation, and the struggle against chaos or illness.