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Orphic Hymns · 122 of 138 · tr. Thomas Taylor

Hymn LXXV. THE MUSES (part 3)

So in the poetic chain, it is requisite there should be something divine, which, through proper mediums, may connect the last to the first monad. This Fury Homer, as well as Plato, calls at one time in the plural number Muses, and at another time in the singular number a Muse: in the first case, having respect to the multitude of the p. 209 chain of the Muses; but in the second to the coherent union of all things, which is inserted from the first cause in inferior natures. For indeed poetry subsists in a secret and uniform manner in the first mover, and afterwards in poets excited by that unity, like the revolution of a thread from its bottom clew εἴνειλεγμένως, but in the rhapsodist's, according to the lowest and ministrant degree. And thus much it is sufficient for the present to have alledged from Plato's Iö. He who desires more, must consult that dialogue, where he will find many things commending this first and divine kind of Poets. We shall farther add the testimony of the Athenian guest and of Timæus. For he exhorts us to follow poets seized with the Fury of Apollo, such being the sons of the Gods, and knowing in the best manner the concerns of their progenitors, although they deliver them without the assistance of arguments and demonstrations. And Plato, in the third book of his Laws, thus writes: "This genus of poets is divine, it is agitated by the Gods, composes sacred hymns, and every where embraces Truth attended with the Graces and Muses." To which may be added, that in the first Alcibiades, he says, the nature of poetry is ænigmatical, and is not manifest to every understanding. Indeed, you will find in Homer all kinds of poetry; but he has less of imagination and imitation, and excels in the first, concerning which we are now discoursing. For, inspired by the Muses and full of fury, he proposes mystical senses of divinity; such as concerning demiurgical unity, the triple division of the universe, the chains of Vulcan, and the connection of Jupiter with Juno. But Homer speaking of Demodocus (under whose person he wishes to signify himself, and on this account reports he was blind) says that he was a divine bard, loved by the Muses and their leader Apollo. And thus much for the first kind of poets and poetry, according to Proclus; among which it is evident these Hymns must be ranked; as all sacred poetical composition belongs to this highest order. He then proceeds to the second kind of poetry, which the Greeks call διάνοια, or rational, as follows. Reason then is inferior to in dignity and power, yet it follows intellect as the leader of its energies, between which, and opinion, it is the connecting medium. And as soul by intellect is conjoined with the divinities; so by the assistance of reason it is converted into itself. Hence it revolves the multitude of arguments, considers the various differences of forms, collects intellect and the intelligent into one; and imitates in its operations an intelligible essence. But since prudence is the employment of reason, we attribute to it the second kind of poetry, which is a medium between the preceding, and the third which we shall next explain. This rational poetry, understands the essences of things, and is freely conversant about what is honest and good, as well in words as in actions, which are likewise the object of its contemplation. It produces every particular invested with elegant numbers and rythms; proposes moral sentences, the best counsels, intelligible moderation, and every virtue.
Themes
Active Contemplationpraxis

A form of meditation that uses imagery, imagination, or symbolic thought rather than purely empty stillness.

Rational poetry 'imitates in its operations an intelligible essence' and considers forms.

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Correspondencecosmology

The Hermetic axiom that the structure of the cosmos is reflected at every scale — 'as above, so below; as within, so without' — making each level a legible map of the others.

The text outlines a chain connecting inferior natures to the first cause, reflecting cosmic structure.

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Cosmic Sympathycosmology

The Stoic and Plotinian doctrine that all parts of the cosmos are bound by hidden affinities, so that a movement in one part resonates through the whole; the metaphysical basis for astrology, magic, and divination.

The 'coherent union of all things' implies hidden affinities binding the cosmos.

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Demiurgecosmology

A secondary creator deity—often ignorant or malevolent—responsible for fashioning the material world, distinct from the supreme transcendent God.

The term 'demiurgical unity' is mentioned as a mystical sense in Homer.

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Divine Marriagesoteriology

The reunification of complementary divine principles (male-female, spirit-matter) as a symbol of wholeness and salvation.

The 'connection of Jupiter with Juno' is cited as a mystical sense of divinity.

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Divine Simplicitytheology

The doctrine that God has no parts, divisions, or composite attributes; pure undivided being.

The 'first monad' and 'coherent union' imply an undivided, simple divine principle.

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Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

Divine poets know the concerns of their progenitors 'without the assistance of arguments and demonstrations.'

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Heroic Furorpraxis

Bruno's eroici furori — a passionate, ennobling spiritual ardor that drives the soul toward divine wisdom; distinguished from base or animal passions by its orientation to infinite truth.

The 'Fury' driving poets to know divine concerns aligns with the concept of spiritual ardor toward truth.

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

Gods are described as actively agitating poets and composing sacred hymns.

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Logoscosmology

The divine reason, word, or ordering principle through which the universe was created; mediates between the transcendent God and the material world.

Reason is described as the 'connecting medium' between intellect and opinion, mediating divine energies.

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Numerical Mysticismtheology

Numbers, proportions, and mathematical relationships as the underlying structure of divine reality.

The 'triple division of the universe' is mentioned as a mystical sense.

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Paradox As Teachingethics

Using apparent contradiction, reversal, or riddle to destabilise ordinary understanding and induce insight.

The nature of poetry is described as 'ænigmatical,' using riddles or hidden meanings.

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Pneumatic Electsoteriology

A spiritual elite who possess the divine spark and are predestined for salvation, contrasted with psychic (faithful) and hylic (material) persons.

A distinction is made between the 'first and divine kind of Poets' and those who do not understand.

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Theurgypraxis

Iamblichean ritual practice that engages the gods directly through consecrated material symbols and actions, on the premise that divine power descends into properly prepared matter — distinct from philosophical contemplation alone.

Sacred poetical composition is ranked in the highest order, involving divine agitation and hymns.

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Tripartite Soulanthropology

Division of the human being into three principles: spirit (pneuma), soul (psyche), and body/matter (hyle or soma).

The text distinguishes between intellect, reason, and opinion as levels of the soul.

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Unity Of Beingtheology

The doctrine that all existence is ultimately one substance or one divine reality; non-duality as a theological claim.

The passage speaks of the 'coherent union of all things' and collecting intellect into one.

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Divine Hiddennesstheology

The supreme God's radical concealment beyond ordinary knowledge or perception; the Hidden Father.

[auto] It emphasizes that the divine nature of poetry is 'not manifest to every understanding' and exists in a 'secret' manner.

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Divine Lighttheology

The uncreated luminous quality of the divine, sometimes experienced directly in mystical states; illumination as revelation.

[auto] The text repeatedly references 'sacred light', 'celestial light', and the soul being 'illuminated' by divine splendor as a central mechanism of inspiration.

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Divine Madnesssoteriology

Ecstatic irrational rapture — Plato's mania, Bruno's furore — by which the soul transcends ordinary reason and attains direct contact with divine reality; madness reframed as higher knowledge.

[auto] The passage centers on the 'Fury' of Apollo and the Muses as the source of divine poetry, aligning with Plato's concept of mania.

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Emanation Hierarchycosmology

A chain of divine beings or principles flowing downward from a single transcendent source (the One or the Father), each level less perfect than the one above.

[auto] Proclus outlines a hierarchy where poetry flows from the 'first monad' and 'first mover' down through degrees to inferior natures, resembling an emanation chain.

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Hidden Sayingssoteriology

Esoteric teachings reserved for those ready to receive them; outer meaning conceals an inner liberating truth.

[auto] The text states poetry subsists in a 'secret' manner and is 'ænigmatical,' not manifest to every understanding.

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Monadcosmology

The absolutely simple, undivided first principle from which all multiplicity and existence flows.

[auto] The text explicitly mentions connecting the last to the 'first monad' as the source of the poetic chain and divine unity.

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Mystical Unionsoteriology

The merging of the individual soul or self with the divine, transcending personal identity.

[auto] The commentary explicitly describes the highest poetry as effecting an 'ineffable union' with deities and conjoining the soul's essence with 'supernatural unity'.

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Return To Sourcesoteriology

The soul's journey back to its divine origin, reversing the fall into matter through stages of purification or illumination.

[auto] The highest poetry 'abstracts the soul from all material connections' and conjoins it with its 'replenishing source'.

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Spiritual Ascentpraxis

A staged journey of the soul upward through heavenly realms or levels of being toward the divine source.

[auto] The commentary describes poetry as an 'elevation of the soul' and a 'vigorous conversion to the deity' from the whirls of generation.

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Related passages · 4 parallels
neoplatonism|Iamblichus: On the Mysteries|Chapter VIIIq
On the contrary, divinely-inspired poets, as Hermeas well observes, knock, as it were, at the gates of the Muses, and thus being filled from thence exclaim, Εσπετε νυν μοι Μουσαι And, Μηνιν αειδε θεα— And, Ανδρα μοι εννεπε Μουσα . For bein…”
Both passages discuss the divine inspiration of poets and the role of the Muses. They explore the concept of divine influence on poetic creation and the hierarchy of poetic inspiration, showing a genuine conceptual parallel across different mystical traditions.
platonism|Plato: Symposium|Section 1r
In the first place he is a poet (and here, like Eryximachus, I magnify my art), and he is also the source of poesy in others, which he could not be if he were not himself a poet. And at the touch of him every one becomes a poet, even thoug…”
Both passages discuss the divine inspiration of poetry and the role of the Muses and other deities in the creative process. They emphasize the divine origin of poetic and artistic endeavors, highlighting the connection between the divine and human creativity.
renaissance_hermeticism|The Heroic Enthusiasts, Part I (Gli Eroici Furori)|First Dialogueb
They do not consider that those rules serve principally as a frame for the Homeric poetry, and for other similar to it, and they set up one as a great poet, high as Homer, and disallow those of other vein, and art, and enthusiasm, who in th…”
Both passages discuss the nature and origin of poetry, emphasizing the divine inspiration of true poets and the limitations of adhering strictly to rules. They both highlight the importance of the Muse and the divine in poetic creation, though they come from different traditions.
western_esoteric|Tertium Organum (P.D. Ouspensky)|Chapter XXII (part 19)
The Sufi poets frequently lived the strange lives of hermits, anchorites and wanderers, at the same time singing of love, the beauty of women, the aroma of roses and wine. Jêlal eddîn describes as follows the communion of the soul with God…”
Both passages discuss the concept of divine inspiration and the union of the soul with the divine. The Orphic Hymns describe the Muses as a divine force that connects poets to the first cause, while the Sufi poetry describes the soul's absorption in the divine beloved. Both traditions emphasize the mystical and transcendent nature of poetic inspiration and the union with the divine.