← Home
The Egyptian Heaven and Hell · 24 of 96 · tr. E.A. Wallis Budge

Chapter 5 (part 7)

May I gain dominion over the great and mighty word which is in my body in this my place, and by it I shall have memory and not forget." The pools and places in Sekhet-hetepet which the deceased mentions as having a desire to visit are UNEN-EM-HETEP, the first large division of the region; NEBT-TAUI, a pool in the second division; NUT-URT, a pool in the first division; UAKH, a pool in the second division, where the kau , or "doubles," dwell; TCHEFET, a portion of the third division, wherein the deceased arrays himself in the apparel of Ra; UNEN-EM-HETEP, the birthplace of the Great God; QENQENTET, a pool in the first division, where he sees his father, and p. 49 looks upon his mother, and has intercourse with his wife, and where he catches worms and serpents and frees himself from them; the Lake of TCHESERT, wherein he plunges, and so cleanses himself from all impurities; HAST, where the god ARI-EN-AB-F binds on his head for him; USERT, a pool in the first division, and SMAM, a pool in the third division of Sekhet-hetepet. Having visited all these places, and recited all the words of power with which he was provided, and ascribed praises to the gods, the deceased brings his boat to anchor, and, presumably, takes up his abode in the Field of Peace for ever. From the extract from the Chapter of Sekhet-Aaru and Sekhet-hetepet given above, it is quite clear that the followers of Osiris hoped and expected to do in the next world exactly what they had done in this, and that they believed they would obtain and continue to live their life in the world to come by means of a word of power; and that they prayed to the god Hetep for dominion over it, so that they might keep it firmly in their memories, and not forget it. This is another proof that in the earliest times men relied in their hope of a future life more on the learning and remembering of a potent name or formula than on the merits of their moral and religious excellences. From first to last throughout the chapter there is no mention of the god Osiris, unless he be the "Great God" whose birthplace is said to be in the region Unen-em-hetep, and nowhere in it is there any suggestion that the p. 50 permission or favour of Osiris is necessary for those who would enter either Sekhet-Aaru or Sekhet-hetep. This seems to indicate that the conceptions about the Other World, at least so far as the "realms of the blest" were concerned, were evolved in the minds of Egyptian theologians before Osiris attained to the high position which he occupied in the Dynastic Period. On the other hand, the evidence on this point which is to be deduced from the Papyrus of Ani must be taken into account. At the beginning of this Papyrus we have first of all Hymns to Ra and Osiris, and the famous Judgment Scene which is familiar to all. We see the heart of Ani being weighed in the Balance against the symbol of righteousness in the presence of the Great Company of the Gods, and the weighing takes place at one end of the house of Osiris, whilst Osiris sits in his shrine at the other. The "guardian of the Balance" is Anubis, and the registrar is Thoth, the scribe of the gods, who is seen noting the result of the weighing. In the picture the beam of the Balance is quite level, which shows that the heart of Ani exactly counterbalances the symbol of righteousness.
Themes
Anamnesissoteriology

Platonic recollection: knowledge as the soul's recovery of what it knew before birth, with learning as remembering rather than acquisition.

The deceased prays to have 'memory and not forget' the word of power, echoing the theme of knowledge as remembering.

All passages →
Anthropomorphismtheology

Attributing human characteristics, emotions, or form to the divine; embodied divine imagery.

Gods are depicted sitting in shrines, weighing hearts, binding heads, and acting with human-like agency and form.

All passages →
Eschatological Judgmentsoteriology

Final, collective cosmic judgment as an event in which the wicked are sentenced and the cosmos restored; distinct from psychopomp_journey (individual passage at death) and emphasising verdict where Zoroastrian frashokereti emphasises restoration.

The passage details the Judgment Scene where Ani's heart is weighed against the symbol of righteousness before the gods.

All passages →
Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

The text argues that early Egyptians relied on learning and remembering a potent formula rather than moral merits for salvation.

All passages →
Kingdom Withinanthropology

The claim that the divine realm is present inside the individual, accessible without external mediation.

The 'great and mighty word' is described as being 'in my body,' suggesting an internal locus of divine power.

All passages →
Maat Cosmic Ordercosmology

The Egyptian principle of truth, balance, and right order underlying both the cosmos and human conduct; the parallel to Zoroastrian asha and Greek dike.

The weighing of the heart against the 'symbol of righteousness' reflects the Egyptian principle of Maat as truth and balance.

All passages →
Prayerpraxis

Direct address to the divine, whether petitionary, contemplative, or liturgical; speech and silence offered upward.

The deceased recites words of power, ascribes praises to the gods, and prays to the god Hetep for dominion over the word.

All passages →
Psychopomp Journeycosmology

Guided passage of the soul through afterlife realms.

Anubis and Thoth guide the weighing of the heart, and the deceased travels through various pools and divisions of the afterlife.

All passages →
Ritual Puritypraxis

The maintenance of a state of cleanliness—physical, moral, or spiritual—required for encounter with the divine.

The deceased plunges into the Lake of Tchesert to cleanse himself from all impurities before entering the Field of Peace.

All passages →
Theosis Deificationsoteriology

The doctrine — central to Eastern Orthodox and Maximian theology — that the human person is progressively transformed into a partaker of the divine nature by grace, not merely justified or united in passing ecstasy.

The deceased arrays himself in the apparel of Ra, suggesting a transformation into or association with divine status.

All passages →
Theurgypraxis

Iamblichean ritual practice that engages the gods directly through consecrated material symbols and actions, on the premise that divine power descends into properly prepared matter — distinct from philosophical contemplation alone.

The use of 'words of power' to gain dominion and navigate the afterlife represents ritual engagement with divine forces through formulas.

All passages →
Funerary Navigationpraxis

Texts and rituals guiding the soul through death.

[auto] The passage describes specific divisions and activities within the Papyrus of Ani, a text designed to guide the deceased through the afterlife realms.

All passages →
Sacred Namestheology

Divine names or formulas that carry ontological power, used in prayer, liturgy, or magical practice.

[auto] The passage centrally discusses reliance on a 'potent name or formula' and 'word of power' for memory and dominion in the afterlife.

All passages →
Related passages · 5 parallels
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter XXII (part 1)
XXII. Sheol, or the Underworld . CHAPTER XXII. 1. And thence I went to another place, and he showed me in the west ⌈ another ⌉ great and high mountain [ and ] of hard rock. E 2 And there was in it †four† hollow places, deep and wide an…”
Both passages describe the afterlife and the journey of the deceased, highlighting specific places and rituals. They share the theme of the soul's journey and the importance of certain words or actions in the afterlife, though they come from different religious traditions.
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter XLVIII
p. 66 XLVIII. The Fount of Righteousness; the Son of Man--the Stay of the Righteous: Judgement of the Kings and the Mighty . CHAPTER XLVIII. 1. And in that place I saw the fountain of righteousness Which was inexhaustible: And around it wer…”
Both passages describe a vision of the afterlife where the righteous are rewarded and the unrighteous are punished. They also emphasize the importance of divine favor and righteousness in the afterlife, though they come from different religious traditions.
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter LXII
LXII. Judgement of the Kings and the Mighty: Blessedness of the Righteous . CHAPTER LXII. 1. And thus the Lord commanded the kings and the mighty and the exalted, and those who dwell on the earth, and said: 'Open your eyes and lift up your…”
Both passages describe a judgment scene where the righteous are rewarded and the unrighteous are punished. They also share the theme of the afterlife and the role of divine figures in determining the fate of the deceased.
mandaean|Gnostic John the Baptizer — Some Typical Extracts|Section 12
Life is exalted and is victorious, and victorious is the Man who has come hither. The next piece I have selected, treats of the source of all glory and enlightenment, called the Treasury of Life, that in which all spiritual powers and bles…”
Both passages describe a journey to a celestial realm where the deceased or perfected individual attains a state of exaltation and union with divine elements. They emphasize the importance of potent words or formulas and the presence of divine figures who aid in the transformation and enlightenment of the individual.
mesopotamian|Enuma Elish: The Epic of Creation|1k
May he hold the Beginning and the Future, may they pay homage unto him, Saying, "He who forced his way through the midst of Tiamat without resting, Let his name be Nibiru, 'the Seizer of the Midst'! For the stars of heaven he upheld the pa…”
Both passages emphasize the importance of potent names or formulas for achieving dominion and favor in the afterlife or divine realm. They also share a theme of invoking divine beings and reciting specific words to gain power and memory.