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Tao Te Ching · 55 of 81 · tr. James Legge

Chapter 55

He who has in himself abundantly the attributes (of the Tao) is like an infant. Poisonous insects will not sting him; fierce beasts will not seize him; birds of prey will not strike him. (The infant's) bones are weak and its sinews soft, but yet its grasp is firm. It knows not yet the union of male and female, and yet its virile member may be excited;--showing the perfection of its physical essence. All day long it will cry without its throat becoming hoarse;--showing the harmony (in its constitution). To him by whom this harmony is known, (The secret of) the unchanging (Tao) is shown, And in the knowledge wisdom finds its throne. All life-increasing arts to evil turn; Where the mind makes the vital breath to burn, (False) is the strength, (and o'er it we should mourn.) When things have become strong, they (then) become old, which may be said to be contrary to the Tao. Whatever is contrary to the Tao soon ends.
Themes
Forbidden Knowledgesoteriology

Transgressive knowing acquired against divine prohibition — the Watchers' teaching of metallurgy, sorcery, and cosmetics in 1 Enoch, the Gnostic Eve narratives, the Promethean mytheme; explicitly contrasted with gnosis_direct_knowledge, which is salvific.

Artificial life-increasing arts are condemned as turning to evil, suggesting a prohibition against certain types of striving or knowledge contrary to the Tao.

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Hidden Sayingssoteriology

Esoteric teachings reserved for those ready to receive them; outer meaning conceals an inner liberating truth.

The text refers to the 'secret' of the unchanging Tao being shown only to those who understand harmony, implying esoteric knowledge.

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Return To Sourcesoteriology

The soul's journey back to its divine origin, reversing the fall into matter through stages of purification or illumination.

The infant metaphor implies a return to the primordial, undivided state of origin which characterizes the Tao.

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Childlike Innocenceanthropology

The infant or child as symbol of the unfallen, undivided spiritual state; return to primordial simplicity.

[auto] The passage explicitly uses the infant as the central metaphor for one who possesses the attributes of the Tao and embodies primordial simplicity.

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Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

[auto] Wisdom is attained through knowing the internal harmony, indicating direct experiential knowledge rather than external ritual.

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Kingdom Withinanthropology

The claim that the divine realm is present inside the individual, accessible without external mediation.

[auto] The attributes of the Tao are described as being abundantly present within the individual himself.

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Mystical Unionsoteriology

The merging of the individual soul or self with the divine, transcending personal identity.

[auto] The sage embodies the attributes of the Tao, suggesting a union or identity with the divine principle.

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Opposites Transcendedanthropology

The dissolution of binary oppositions (male/female, inner/outer, above/below) as a mark of spiritual completion.

[auto] The infant state transcends binary oppositions like weak/strong and male/female union while maintaining vitality.

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Paradox As Teachingethics

Using apparent contradiction, reversal, or riddle to destabilise ordinary understanding and induce insight.

[auto] The text employs paradoxical statements such as weak bones having a firm grasp and lack of sexual knowledge coexisting with virility.

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Self Knowledgesoteriology

The recognition of one's own true divine nature as the primary path to liberation; 'know thyself' as soteriology.

[auto] Knowing the harmony within one's constitution is presented as the path to wisdom and understanding the Tao.

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Wu Weipraxis

Effortless action aligned with the spontaneous flow of the Dao; non-coercive, non-striving conduct that yields results without forcing — the sage acts without acting.

[auto] The passage explicitly critiques forcing the vital breath and artificial strength, advocating instead for natural harmony and non-striving action aligned with the Tao.

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Related passages · 8 parallels
christian_mysticism|Meister Eckhart's Sermons (Field translation)|Vb
It is necessary, therefore, for all the creatures which issued forth from God to co-operate earnestly with all their powers to form a Man who may again attain that union with God which Adam enjoyed before he fell, and who may again restore…”
Both passages emphasize the attainment of a state of unity or harmony with the divine, and the transformation of human nature through this union. The Tao Te Ching speaks of the harmony and perfection of the Tao, while the Christian mystic passage discusses the union with God through Christ and the transformation of human nature into the divine.
christian_mysticism|The Life and Doctrines of Jacob Boehme|Chapter 14 (part 7)
This light moderates the action of the fiery will still active in them, the blessings of their good deeds surround them, the hope for still greater glorification is their life, and from the trouble and persecution which they have suffered t…”
Both passages discuss the purity and harmony of the soul or essence, and the benefits of maintaining this state. They emphasize the importance of aligning with a higher principle (Tao or God) and the consequences of deviating from it.
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 49
Section 16 16. Those that refuse to place the Sage aloft in the Intellectual Realm but drag him down to the accidental, dreading accident for him, have substituted for the Sage we have in mind another person altogether; they offer us a tole…”
Both passages emphasize the importance of aligning with a higher principle (Tao in Passage A, the Supreme in Passage B) for achieving a state of harmony and true happiness. They both advocate for a life guided by wisdom and an unchanging essence, contrasting with the transient and mixed states of the world.
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 238 (part 2)
It is lifeless objects that deal the severest blows; they hit hardest and hurt most; where there is life- that is to say participation in Being- there is beneficence towards the environment, all the greater as the measure of Being is fuller…”
Both passages discuss the nature of life, vitality, and the Tao/Being. They emphasize the importance of harmony, the natural state, and the contrast between the vital and the lifeless or artificial.
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 240
Section 8 8. It is a general principle that, to be modified, an object must be opposed in faculty, and in quality to the forces that enter and act upon it. Thus where heat is present, the change comes by something that chills, where damp by…”
Both passages discuss the nature of life, vitality, and the Tao/Being. They emphasize the importance of harmony, the natural state, and the contrast between the vital and the lifeless. The Tao Te Ching focuses on the infant as a symbol of purity and harmony, while the Select Works discuss the relationship between life, being, and corporeality.
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 253
Section 1 1. Eternity and Time; two entirely separate things, we explain "the one having its being in the everlasting Kind, the other in the realm of Process, in our own Universe"; and, by continually using the words and assigning every phe…”
Both passages discuss the nature of the material world and its interaction with higher principles. Passage A from Plotinus explores the relationship between ideal principles and matter, emphasizing the sterility and receptivity of matter. Passage B from the Tao Te Ching describes the attributes of one who embodies the Tao, highlighting the harmony and perfection of the physical essence, and contrasting it with the strength that is contrary to the Tao. Both texts delve into the interplay between the spiritual and the material, albeit from different philosophical perspectives.
renaissance_hermeticism|The Heroic Enthusiasts, Part I (Gli Eroici Furori)|Fourth Dialoguei
And amongst men the same thing is seen, according as some resemble one species of brute beast and some another: these having something of the quadruped, and those of birds, and, may be, some affinity, which I will not explain, but through w…”
Both passages explore the theme of the ideal state of being, with Passage A emphasizing the purity and harmony of an infant's connection to the Tao, and Passage B discussing the soul's desire to rise above its material constraints. Both texts highlight the contrast between a higher, more spiritual state and the limitations of the physical world.
renaissance_hermeticism|The Heroic Enthusiasts, Part I (Gli Eroici Furori)|Fifth Dialoguek
That is a maxim of the Epicureans which, being well understood, would not be considered so unworthy as the ignorant hold it to be, seeing that it does not detract from what I have called virtue, nor does it impair the perfection of firmness…”
Both passages discuss the ideal state of being, emphasizing a form of strength that is not reactive to external stimuli or pain. The Tao Te Ching describes an infant-like state of harmony and perfection, while the Epicurean dialogue discusses a state of firmness and pleasure that is unaffected by external inconveniences.