← Home
Plato: Symposium · 24 of 36 · tr. Benjamin Jowett

Section 1x

All creation or passage of non-being into being is poetry or making, and the processes of all art are creative; and the masters of arts are all poets or makers." "Very true." "Still," she said, "you know that they are not called poets, but have other names; only that portion of the art which is separated off from the rest, and is concerned with music and metre, is termed poetry, and they who possess poetry in this sense of the word are called poets." "Very true," I said. "And the same holds of love. For you may say generally that all desire of good and happiness is only the great and subtle power of love; but they who are drawn towards him by any other path, whether the path of money-making or gymnastics or philosophy, are not called lovers -the name of the whole is appropriated to those whose affection takes one form only-they alone are said to love, or to be lovers." "I dare say," I replied, "that you are right." "Yes," she added, "and you hear people say that lovers are seeking for their other half; but I say that they are seeking neither for the half of themselves, nor for the whole, unless the half or the whole be also a good. And they will cut off their own hands and feet and cast them away, if they are evil; for they love not what is their own, unless perchance there be some one who calls what belongs to him the good, and what belongs to another the evil. For there is nothing which men love but the good. Is there anything?" "Certainly, I should say, that there is nothing." "Then," she said, "the simple truth is, that men love the good." "Yes," I said. "To which must be added that they love the possession of the good? "Yes, that must be added." "And not only the possession, but the everlasting possession of the good?" "That must be added too." "Then love," she said, "may be described generally as the love of the everlasting possession of the good?" "That is most true." "Then if this be the nature of love, can you tell me further," she said, "what is the manner of the pursuit? what are they doing who show all this eagerness and heat which is called love? and what is the object which they have in view? Answer me." "Nay, Diotima," I replied, "if I had known, I should not have wondered at your wisdom, neither should I have come to learn from you about this very matter." "Well," she said, "I will teach you:-The object which they have in view is birth in beauty, whether of body or, soul." "I do not understand you," I said; "the oracle requires an explanation." "I will make my meaning dearer," she replied. "I mean to say, that all men are bringing to the birth in their bodies and in their souls. There is a certain age at which human nature is desirous of procreation-procreation which must be in beauty and not in deformity; and this procreation is the union of man and woman, and is a divine thing; for conception and generation are an immortal principle in the mortal creature, and in the inharmonious they can never be. But the deformed is always inharmonious with the divine, and the beautiful harmonious. Beauty, then, is the destiny or goddess of parturition who presides at birth, and therefore, when approaching beauty, the conceiving power is propitious, and diffusive, and benign, and begets and bears fruit: at the sight of ugliness she frowns and contracts and has a sense of pain, and turns away, and shrivels up, and not without a pang refrains from conception.
Themes
Divine Providencetheology

Pronoia — the doctrine that the divine actively orders the unfolding of the cosmos and human affairs toward intelligible ends, against pure chance or blind necessity.

Conception and generation are described as a 'divine thing' and an 'immortal principle in the mortal creature', suggesting divine ordering in nature.

All passages →
Evil As Privationtheology

Augustinian and Plotinian doctrine that evil has no positive being of its own but is a lack, distortion, or absence of the good — denying ontological dualism while preserving moral seriousness.

The text argues that 'there is nothing which men love but the good' and that evil parts of oneself are cast away, implying evil lacks positive desirability.

All passages →
Ladder Of Lovesoteriology

Diotima's staged ascent from love of beautiful bodies → beautiful souls → beautiful pursuits → beautiful knowledge → Beauty itself; the canonical scala amoris that grounds Plotinus's On the Beautiful and Bruno's Eroici Furori — distinct from generic spiritual_ascent in that eros is the specific motive force.

The passage defines love as the desire for everlasting possession of the good through 'birth in beauty' in body or soul, which is the foundational mechanism of Diotima's scala amoris.

All passages →
Paradox As Teachingethics

Using apparent contradiction, reversal, or riddle to destabilise ordinary understanding and induce insight.

Diotima refutes the common belief that lovers seek their 'other half', using this correction to destabilize ordinary understanding of love.

All passages →
Spiritual Ascentpraxis

A staged journey of the soul upward through heavenly realms or levels of being toward the divine source.

Diotima explicitly asks about the 'manner of the pursuit' and describes the object of love as birth in beauty, outlining the upward movement of desire.

All passages →
Related passages · 4 parallels
greek_mystery|Orphic Hymns|Hymn LXXV. THE MUSES (part 4)
Besides this, it teaches the circuits of the soul, its immortality and various powers; explains to mortals many names of an incorporeal nature, and produces many probable Dogmata respecting corporeal substance. The Athenian guest (in Plato…”
Both passages discuss the nature of creation and the role of beauty and goodness in the creative process. They explore the idea of love and desire as driving forces behind creation, though from different cultural and philosophical perspectives.
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 480
Section 2 2. But let us leave the arts and consider those works produced by Nature and admitted to be naturally beautiful which the creations of art are charged with imitating, all reasoning life and unreasoning things alike, but especially…”
Both passages explore the nature of beauty and its origin, suggesting that true beauty is not merely physical but stems from a higher, more abstract source. Plotinus discusses the Idea of beauty, while Diotima in the Symposium describes love as the pursuit of the everlasting possession of the good, which is intrinsically linked to beauty.
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 486
Section 8 8. This then is Beauty primally: it is entire and omnipresent as an entirety; and therefore in none of its parts or members lacking in beauty; beautiful thus beyond denial. Certainly it cannot be anything [be, for example, Beauty]…”
Both passages explore the nature of beauty and love, positing that the pursuit of beauty is a manifestation of a deeper, more abstract ideal. They both suggest that the true object of love and beauty is not found in the physical or material, but in an eternal and immaterial realm.
western_esoteric|Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi)|2. The Pillars Of The Templeb
Such is the mysterious language of the Kabalists in the Talmud, and on account of vulgar ignorance and malignity, it is impossible for us to explain or simplify it further. What then is creation? It is the house of the creative Word. Wha…”
Both passages explore the concept of creation and the union of opposites as a fundamental principle. Plato's passage discusses love as the desire for the everlasting possession of the good and the union of man and woman in beauty, while the Kabalistic passage describes the active and passive principles in creation and the union of man and woman as essential for wisdom and balance.