← Home
Select Works of Plotinus · 71 of 752 · tr. Thomas Taylor

Select Works, Section 79

Section 4 4. The bodily Kind, in that it partakes of Matter is an evil thing. What form is in bodies is an untrue-form: they are without life: by their own natural disorderly movement they make away with each other; they are hindrances to the soul in its proper Act; in their ceaseless flux they are always slipping away from Being. Soul, on the contrary, since not every Soul is evil, is not an evil Kind. What, then, is the evil Soul? It is, we read, the Soul that has entered into the service of that in which soul-evil is implanted by nature, in whose service the unreasoning phase of the Soul accepts evil- unmeasure, excess and shortcoming, which bring forth licentiousness, cowardice and all other flaws of the Soul, all the states, foreign to the true nature, which set up false judgements, so that the Soul comes to name things good or evil not by their true value but by the mere test of like and dislike. But what is the root of this evil state? how can it be brought under the causing principle indicated? Firstly, such a Soul is not apart from Matter, is not purely itself. That is to say, it is touched with Unmeasure, it is shut out from the Forming-Idea that orders and brings to measure, and this because it is merged into a body made of Matter. Then if the Reasoning-Faculty too has taken hurt, the Soul's seeing is baulked by the passions and by the darkening that Matter brings to it, by its decline into Matter, by its very attention no longer to Essence but to Process- whose principle or source is, again, Matter, the Kind so evil as to saturate with its own pravity even that which is not in it but merely looks towards it. For, wholly without part in Good, the negation of Good, unmingled Lack, this Matter-Kind makes over to its own likeness whatsoever comes in touch with it. The Soul wrought to perfection, addressed towards the Intellectual-Principle, is steadfastly pure: it has turned away from Matter; all that is undetermined, that is outside of measure, that is evil, it neither sees nor draws near; it endures in its purity, only, and wholly, determined by the Intellectual-Principle. The Soul that breaks away from this source of its reality to the non-perfect and non-primal is, as it were, a secondary, an image, to the loyal Soul. By its falling-away- and to the extent of the fall- it is stripped of Determination, becomes wholly indeterminate, sees darkness. Looking to what repels vision, as we look when we are said to see darkness, it has taken Matter into itself.
Themes
Monadcosmology

The absolutely simple, undivided first principle from which all multiplicity and existence flows.

The reference to 'That which transcends all the realm of Being' implies the singular, supreme first principle characteristic of the Monad.

All passages →
Apophatic Theologytheology

Describing the divine only by negation—God transcends all positive categories and concepts; the via negativa.

[auto] The text describes the transcendent source by what it is not ('transcends all the realm of Being') and defines Non-Being negatively ('not to understand something that simply does not exist').

All passages →
Emanation Hierarchycosmology

A chain of divine beings or principles flowing downward from a single transcendent source (the One or the Father), each level less perfect than the one above.

[auto] The passage outlines a structured descent from 'That which transcends all the realm of Being' to 'realm of Being' and finally to 'realm of Non-Being' (sensible universe).

All passages →
Related passages · 9 parallels
christian_mysticism|Pseudo-Dionysius: The Divine Names|Chapter 11, Section 1e
Hence the Good God is called the Fount, first, of the Very Primaries: then, of those creatures which share completely therein; then, of those which share partially therein. 484 484 Migne’s text here is corrupt, I have emended it. (1) The…”
Both passages discuss the relationship between the soul (or human being) and the divine, emphasizing the purity and perfection of the divine and the corruption or imperfection of the material world. They also explore the concept of emanation and the hierarchy of existence, though from different theological perspectives.
christian_mysticism|Pseudo-Dionysius: The Divine Names|Chapter 4, Section 1w
For, were they such, they would not have sprung from the Good, nor have a place amongst existent creatures, nor have fallen from Goodness (being by their very nature always evil). Moreover, are they evil with respect to themselves or to ot…”
Both passages explore the nature of evil and its relationship to the Good. They discuss how evil is not a substantive entity but rather a privation or imperfection of the Good, and how evil acts destructively rather than creatively.
christian_mysticism|Pseudo-Dionysius: The Divine Names|Chapter 4, Section 1x
Hence if they are always in the same condition, they are not evil; for to remain always the same is a property of the Good. But if they are not always evil, then they are not evil by their natural constitution, but only through a lack of a…”
Both passages discuss the nature of evil as a lack or deficiency of good, rather than as a substantive entity. They also explore how evil arises from a deviation from one's natural or divine state, and how even evil beings possess an underlying goodness.
christian_mysticism|Pseudo-Dionysius: The Divine Names|Chapter 4, Section 1y
(which are not in their essential nature evil, although alleged to be so), the lion, having lost its savage wildness, will be a lion no longer; and the dog, if it become gentle to all, will cease to be a dog, since the virtue of a dog is to…”
Both passages discuss the nature of evil and its relationship to natural and supernatural entities. They share the insight that evil is not inherent in the essential nature of things but arises from a deficiency or failure to fulfill natural functions or virtues. However, they come from different mystical traditions, Pseudo-Dionysius representing Christian mysticism and Plotinus representing Neoplatonism.
christian_mysticism|Pseudo-Dionysius: The Divine Names|Chapter 4, Section 1{
127 There remains but one alternative: Evil is a weakness and deficiency of Good. 31. Good things have all one cause. If evil is opposed to the Good, then hath evil many causes. The efficient causes of evil results, however, are not any…”
Both passages explore the nature of evil as a deficiency or lack of good, and discuss the relationship between the soul and matter. They share a conceptual framework that views evil as a corruption or deviation from a higher, more perfect state.
christian_mysticism|Pseudo-Dionysius: The Divine Names|Chapter 4, Section 1†
also “I have said, Ye are Gods.” 344 i. e. If totally and essentially by very nature evil with respect to themselves. In so far as they continue to exist they are good with respect to themselves. 345 Evil is the contrary of the Good. H…”
Both passages explore the nature of evil and its relationship with the soul and matter. They discuss how the soul can be corrupted or influenced by evil, and how evil is characterized by a lack of measure, disorder, and destruction. However, they come from different mystical traditions, with Passage A rooted in Neoplatonism and Passage B in a more general mystical Christian context.
hermeticism|Corpus Hermeticum 6: The All-Father|Section 1b
So then, Asclepius, the name alone of Good is found in men, the thing itself nowhere [in them], for this can never be. For no material body doth contain It - a thing bound on all sides by bad, by labors, pains, desires and passions, by err…”
Both passages discuss the nature of good and evil, the corruption of the soul by matter, and the separation of the divine from the material world. They share a mystical perspective on the purity of the soul and the ultimate source of good.
platonism|Plato: Timaeus|Section 1‹
There are four natures out of which the body is compacted, earth and fire and water and air, and the unnatural excess or defect of these, or the change of any of them from its own natural place into another, or-since there are more kinds th…”
Both passages discuss the concept of evil or disorder originating from a deviation from natural or ideal states. Plotinus attributes evil to the soul's interaction with matter and its deviation from the Intellectual-Principle, while the second passage describes diseases as resulting from imbalances or unnatural changes in the body's elements.
taoism|The Writings of Chuang Tzu (Inner Chapters)|Book 124 (part 5)
A third class held that there was such recognition, but there had not begun to be any expression of different opinions about it. p. 186 It was through the definite expression of different opinions about it that there ensued injury to (the…”
Both passages explore the nature of existence and non-existence, and the limitations of human understanding and expression. They also touch on the idea of the unity of all things and the challenges of articulating profound truths.