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Iamblichus: On the Mysteries · 207 of 218 · tr. Thomas Taylor

Chapter VIII

The Pythagoreans, likewise, adorned numbers and figures with the appellations of the Gods. For they called the equilateral triangle, Minerva Coryphagenes, or begotten from the summit, and Tritogeneia because it is divided by three perpendiculars drawn from the three angles. But they called the one Apollo, being persuaded to this by the obvious meaning of the word Apollo [which signifies a privation of multitude] and by the simplicity of the monad [104] . The duad they denominated strife and audacity, and the triad justice. For since injuring and being injured are two extremes subsisting according to excess and defect, justice, through equality, has a situation in the middle. But what is called the tetractys, being the number 36, was, as is reported, their greatest oath, and was denominated the world. For this number is formed from the composition of the four first even and the four first odd numbers, collected into one sum. [105] If, therefore, the most approved of the philosophers did not think it proper to neglect or despise any occult signification of a divine nature when they perceived it even in things which are inanimate and incorporeal, it appears to me that they, in a still greater degree, venerated those peculiarities depending on manners which they saw in such natures as had sense, and were endued with soul, with passion, and ethical habits. We must embrace, therefore, not those who honour these things, but those who reverence divinity through these, as through most clear mirrors, and which are produced by nature, in a becoming manner, conceiving them to be the instruments or the art of the God by whom all things are perpetually adorned. But we ought to think that no inanimate being can be more excellent than one that is animated, nor an insensible than a sensitive being, not even though some one should collect together all the gold and emeralds in the universe. For the divinity is not ingenerated either in colours, or figures, or smoothness; but such things as neither ever did, nor are naturally adapted to participate of life, have an allotment more ignoble than that of dead bodies. But the nature which lives and sees, and has the principle of motion from itself, and a knowledge of things appropriate and foreign to its being, has certainly derived an efflux and portion of that wisdom which, as Heraclitus says, considers how both itself and the universe is governed. Hence the divinity is not worse represented in these animals than in the workmanships of copper and stone, which in a similar manner suffer corruption and decay, but are naturally deprived of all sense and consciousness. This then I consider as the best defence that can be given of the adoration of animals by the Egyptians.” 102 . Instead of και δικης , I read και μετα δικης . 103 . i. e. Should be perfectly impartial. 104 . Instead of διπλοτατοις μοναδος as in the original, which is nonsense, it is necessary to read, as in the above translation, απλοτητι της μοναδος . 105 . For 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 = 20; and 1 + 3 + 6 + 7 = 16; and 20 + 16 = 36. 106 . The cock was sacred to Apollo, and therefore its heart was believed to be the instrument of divination in sacrifices. The chemic Olympiodorus says, “that the cock obscurely signifies the essence of the sun and moon.” See, in the additional notes, what is said by Proclus concerning the cock, in his treatise On Magic. 107 .
Themes
Anthropomorphismtheology

Attributing human characteristics, emotions, or form to the divine; embodied divine imagery.

The passage explicitly states that Pythagoreans adorned numbers and figures with the appellations of the Gods, attributing divine names to mathematical forms.

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Apophatic Theologytheology

Describing the divine only by negation—God transcends all positive categories and concepts; the via negativa.

The text notes that Apollo signifies a privation of multitude, using negation to define the divine nature.

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Body As Obstacleanthropology

The material body viewed as a prison, tomb, or source of error that hinders spiritual knowledge and return.

The author argues that inanimate beings are more excellent than dead bodies and that divinity is not ingenerated in colors or figures.

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Correspondencecosmology

The Hermetic axiom that the structure of the cosmos is reflected at every scale — 'as above, so below; as within, so without' — making each level a legible map of the others.

The text links divine attributes to numbers and figures, suggesting a structural mapping between the abstract divine and material forms.

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Cosmic Consciousnessanthropology

A state of awareness transcending ordinary human consciousness, often involving unity with the universe or higher dimensions.

The passage describes animals as having a 'principle of motion from itself' and knowledge of things appropriate to their being.

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Divine Hiddennesstheology

The supreme God's radical concealment beyond ordinary knowledge or perception; the Hidden Father.

The text emphasizes that occult significations are perceived in things which are inanimate and incorporeal, indicating a hidden divine presence.

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Divine Lighttheology

The uncreated luminous quality of the divine, sometimes experienced directly in mystical states; illumination as revelation.

The author references Heraclitus' statement that wisdom considers how the universe is governed by light-like principles.

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Divine Providencetheology

Pronoia — the doctrine that the divine actively orders the unfolding of the cosmos and human affairs toward intelligible ends, against pure chance or blind necessity.

The passage cites Heraclitus that wisdom considers how both itself and the universe is governed, indicating divine ordering of existence.

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Divine Simplicitytheology

The doctrine that God has no parts, divisions, or composite attributes; pure undivided being.

The text highlights the simplicity of the monad as a reason for calling it Apollo and contrasts it with the duad's strife.

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Evil As Privationtheology

Augustinian and Plotinian doctrine that evil has no positive being of its own but is a lack, distortion, or absence of the good — denying ontological dualism while preserving moral seriousness.

The passage defines justice through equality in the middle of two extremes (injury and being injured), aligning with the doctrine that evil is a lack of good.

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Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

The text emphasizes perceiving occult significations in inanimate things and venerating peculiarities depending on manners that have sense and soul.

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Hidden Sayingssoteriology

Esoteric teachings reserved for those ready to receive them; outer meaning conceals an inner liberating truth.

The passage discusses occult significations perceived even in inanimate things, implying esoteric knowledge reserved for those who perceive it.

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

The text contrasts the divinity with insensible beings and emphasizes that living natures have a portion of wisdom governing them.

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Numerical Mysticismtheology

Numbers, proportions, and mathematical relationships as the underlying structure of divine reality.

The passage centrally discusses Pythagorean numerology, attributing divine names and significance to numbers like the monad, duad, triad, and tetractys.

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Opposites Transcendedanthropology

The dissolution of binary oppositions (male/female, inner/outer, above/below) as a mark of spiritual completion.

Justice is described as occupying a middle position between two extremes of excess and defect.

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Paradox As Teachingethics

Using apparent contradiction, reversal, or riddle to destabilise ordinary understanding and induce insight.

The definition of Apollo as a privation of multitude uses contradiction to convey divine meaning.

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Pneumatic Electsoteriology

A spiritual elite who possess the divine spark and are predestined for salvation, contrasted with psychic (faithful) and hylic (material) persons.

The text distinguishes those who honour peculiarities depending on manners from others, implying a spiritual elite capable of perceiving divine natures.

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Prayerpraxis

Direct address to the divine, whether petitionary, contemplative, or liturgical; speech and silence offered upward.

The passage mentions adoration and reverence for divinity through these peculiarities as a form of worship.

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Ritual Puritypraxis

The maintenance of a state of cleanliness—physical, moral, or spiritual—required for encounter with the divine.

The author defends the Egyptian adoration of animals as a veneration of divinity through natural natures rather than ritual impurity.

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Sacred Namestheology

Divine names or formulas that carry ontological power, used in prayer, liturgy, or magical practice.

The passage explicitly states that Pythagoreans adorned numbers and figures with the appellations of the Gods, using divine names to describe mathematical forms.

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Self Knowledgesoteriology

The recognition of one's own true divine nature as the primary path to liberation; 'know thyself' as soteriology.

The text suggests that perceiving peculiarities depending on manners leads to a deeper understanding of divinity.

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Theosis Deificationsoteriology

The doctrine — central to Eastern Orthodox and Maximian theology — that the human person is progressively transformed into a partaker of the divine nature by grace, not merely justified or united in passing ecstasy.

Animals are described as instruments or art of the God by whom all things are perpetually adorned, implying a divine participation in them.

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Related passages · 20 parallels
greek_mystery|The Golden Verses of Pythagoras|Section 12 (part 9)
Honour a figure and a step before a figure and a tribolus. Explanation .--The exhortation of this Symbol is as follows: Philosophize and diligently betake yourself to disciplines, and through these, as through steps, proceed to the thing p…”
Both passages discuss the philosophical and mystical traditions of the Pythagoreans, emphasizing the significance of numbers, figures, and symbols in their teachings. They also highlight the reverence for divine and natural principles, though the specific examples and explanations differ.
jewish_mysticism|Sefer Yetzirah (The Book of Formation)|Section 1g
The Eighteenth Path is called the House of Influence (by the greatness of whose abundance the influx of good things upon created beings is increased) and from the midst of the investigation the arcana and hidden senses are drawn forth, whic…”
Both passages explore the mystical significance of numbers and their connection to divine principles. Passage A discusses the Pythagorean attribution of divine names to numbers and geometric figures, while Passage B describes the Sephirotic paths in the Kabbalistic tradition, each with its own divine attribute and influence.
platonism|Plato: Timaeus|Section 1x
Of the infinite forms we must select the most beautiful, if we are to proceed in due order, and any one who can point out a more beautiful form than ours for the construction of these bodies, shall carry off the palm, not as an enemy, but a…”
Both passages discuss the significance of geometric shapes and numbers in understanding the divine and the structure of the universe. They share a mystical approach to mathematics and geometry as reflections of divine order.
western_esoteric|The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall)|The Zodiac and Its Signsj
Pythagoras taught that 10, or the unit of the decimal system, was the most perfect of all numbers, and he symbolized the number ten by the lesser tetractys , an arrangement of ten dots in the form of an upright triangle. The early star gaz…”
Both passages discuss the significance of numbers and symbols in Pythagorean and ancient traditions, highlighting the sacred and symbolic meanings attributed to them. They share a conceptual focus on the mystical and esoteric interpretations of mathematical and celestial phenomena.
western_esoteric|The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall)|The Life and Philosophy of Pythagorask
The Pythagoreans bound themselves by the following oath: "By Him who gave to our soul the tetractys, which hath the fountain and root of ever-springing nature." *** THE CUBE AND THE STAR. By connecting the ten dots of the tetractys, nine t…”
Both passages discuss the significance of the tetractys in Pythagorean philosophy, highlighting its mystical and symbolic importance. They share a conceptual focus on the divine and numerical symbolism, though the specific details and contexts differ.
western_esoteric|The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall)|Pythagorean Mathematicsa
CONCERNING the secret significance of numbers there has been much speculation. Though many interesting discoveries have been made, it may be safely said that with the death of Pythagoras the great key to this science was lost. For nearly…”
Both passages discuss the Pythagorean practice of associating numbers and geometrical figures with divine names and attributes, citing similar examples such as the equilateral triangle being called Minerva and the number one being termed Apollo. They also share the concept of the Tetractys as a sacred number composed of the first four even and odd numbers, summing to 36.
western_esoteric|The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall)|Pythagorean Mathematicsi
On the contrary, an infinite multitude of superabundant and diminished numbers may be found, nor are they disposed in any orderly series, nor generated from any certain end; and hence they have a great similitude to the vices, which are num…”
Both passages discuss the Pythagorean attribution of divine and symbolic names to numbers, specifically the monad (1) and duad (2), highlighting their metaphysical and theological significance. They share a conceptual parallel in the interpretation of numbers as embodying divine qualities and cosmic principles.
western_esoteric|The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall)|Pythagorean Mathematicsj
Wynn Westcott says of the duad: "it was called 'Audacity,' from its being the earliest number to separate itself from the Divine One; from the 'Adytum of God-nourished Silence,' as the Chaldean oracles say." As the monad is the father, so t…”
Both passages discuss the symbolic significance of numbers in Pythagorean mathematics, particularly the monad, duad, and triad. They share conceptual parallels in their attributions of divine qualities and roles to these numbers, though the specific deities and details differ.
western_esoteric|The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall)|Pythagorean Mathematicsk
The tetrad--4--was esteemed by the Pythagoreans as the primogenial number, the root of all things, the fountain of Nature and the most perfect number. All tetrads are intellectual; they have an emergent order and encircle the world as the…”
Both passages discuss the significance of the tetrad (number 4) in Pythagorean thought, highlighting its role as a fundamental and sacred number. They share conceptual parallels in describing the tetrad as the root of all things and its connection to the divine and natural order.
western_esoteric|The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall)|Pythagorean Mathematicsl
Therefore, they chose the five-pointed star, or pentagram, as the symbol of vitality, health, and interpenetration. It was customary for the philosophers to conceal the element of earth under the symbol of a dragon, and many of the heroes…”
Both passages discuss the symbolic significance of numbers in Pythagorean mathematics and their association with divine attributes and natural phenomena. They share a conceptual framework that links numerical values to spiritual and cosmic principles, demonstrating a genuine parallel in their mystical interpretations.
10 more
western_esoteric|The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall)|Pythagorean Mathematicsm
These are symbolized by the cube, which has six surfaces and a mysterious seventh point within. The six surfaces are the directions: north, east, south, west, up, and down; or, front, back, right, left, above, and below; or again, earth, f…”
Both passages discuss the symbolic significance of numbers in Pythagorean mathematics and their association with divine entities and cosmic principles. They share a conceptual framework that attributes metaphysical and theological meanings to numerical values, indicating a genuine parallel in their mystical interpretations.
western_esoteric|The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall)|Pythagorean Mathematicsn
It was also called unwearied, because, like God, it was tireless. The Pythagoreans divided the heavenly bodies into ten orders. They also stated that the decad perfected all numbers and comprehended within itself the nature of odd and eve…”
Both passages discuss the Pythagorean association of numbers with divine entities and concepts, demonstrating a shared conceptual framework. They both highlight the sacred significance of numbers in Pythagorean thought, though they use different examples and deities.
western_esoteric|Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi)|Introductionh
Thereafter he meets with the sphinx, that symbol of symbols, the eternal enigma of the vulgar, the granite pedestal of the sciences of the sages, the voracious and silent monster whose unchanging form expresses the one dogma of the Great Un…”
Both passages explore the symbolic and mystical significance of numbers and figures, particularly in relation to divine principles and the structure of the universe. They share a conceptual parallel in their emphasis on the deeper, esoteric meanings behind numerical and symbolic representations in mystical traditions.
western_esoteric|Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi)|3. The Triangle Of Solomond
Matthew, and in several Hebrew copies, as follows: “The sacred word MALKUTH substituted for KETHER, which is its kabalistic correspondent, and the equipoise of GEBURAH and CHESED, repeating itself in the circles of heavens called eons by th…”
Both passages explore the symbolic and divine significance of numbers and geometric figures, attributing them with divine qualities and using them to represent complex spiritual concepts. They share a conceptual parallel in the mystical interpretation of mathematical and geometric structures.
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NETSAH GLADIUS THE septenary is the sacred number in all theogonies and in all symbols, because it is composed of the triad and the tetrad. The number seven represents magical power in all its fullness; it is the mind reinforced by all ele…”
Both passages discuss the symbolic significance of numbers and their association with divine entities and cosmic principles. They share a conceptual parallel in the use of numerical symbolism to represent divine and cosmic order, though they come from different mystical traditions.
western_esoteric|Transcendental Magic I: The Doctrine (Éliphas Lévi)|10. The Kabalahb
MALKUTH.-The Kingdom, meaning the universe, entire creation, the work and mirror of God, the proof of supreme reason, the formal consequence which compels us to have recourse to virtual premises, the enigma which has God for its answer - th…”
Both passages explore the concept of divine attributes being represented through numbers and figures. Iamblichus discusses the Pythagorean association of numbers with divine entities, while the Kabalah passage describes the ten SEPHIROTH and the Sacred Tetragram, both of which represent divine principles through numerical and symbolic associations.
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We may remark, in passing, that the author of the Apocalypse, that key of the Christian Kabalah, composed the number of the beast, that is to say, of idolatry, by adding a 6 to the double senary of ABRACADABRA, which gives 18 kabalistically…”
Both passages discuss the mystical significance of numbers and their association with divine principles, highlighting the Pythagorean and Kabbalistic traditions. They share a conceptual parallel in the use of numerical symbolism to represent spiritual truths.
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The kabalistic figures of Abraham the Jew, which imparted to Flamel the first desire for knowledge, are no other than the twenty-two Keys of the Tarot, imitated and resumed elsewhere in the twelve Keys of Basil Valentine, There the sun and…”
Both passages discuss the mystical significance of symbols and numbers, attributing divine or occult meanings to them. They share a conceptual parallel in the reverence for symbolic representations and the belief in the divine nature of these symbols within their respective traditions.
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WE come now to that number which is attributed in the Tarot to the Sign of the Sun. The denary of Pythagoras and the triad multiplied by itself represent wisdom in its application to the Absolute. It is with the Absolute therefore that we…”
Both passages discuss the mystical significance of numbers and symbols, attributing divine meanings to them. Passage A focuses on the Pythagorean attribution of divine names to geometric figures and numbers, while Passage B discusses the Hermetic and alchemical significance of numbers and the Philosophical Stone. Both explore the concept of divine wisdom and its manifestation through symbolic and numerical representations.
western_esoteric|Transcendental Magic II: The Ritual (Éliphas Lévi)|22. The Book Of Hermesi
On a table in front of him, between an open book and a closed purse, are ten deniers or talismans, arranged in two lines of three each and a square of four; the feet of the table form two ח and those of the Juggler two inverted ר. The obve…”
Both passages explore the mystical significance of numbers and symbols within their respective traditions. Passage A discusses the Kabbalistic and Hermetic significance of the Tarot and its symbols, while Passage B delves into the Pythagorean attribution of divine meanings to numbers and geometric figures. Both highlight the sacred and esoteric interpretations of numerical and symbolic systems.