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Gospel of Thomas · 3 of 114 · tr. Thomas O. Lambdin

Logion 3

Jesus said, "If those who lead you say to you, 'See, the kingdom is in the sky,' then the birds of the sky will precede you. If they say to you, 'It is in the sea,' then the fish will precede you. Rather, the kingdom is inside of you, and it is outside of you. When you come to know yourselves, then you will become known, and you will realize that it is you who are the sons of the living father. But if you will not know yourselves, you dwell in poverty and it is you who are that poverty."
Themes
Divine Hiddennesstheology

The supreme God's radical concealment beyond ordinary knowledge or perception; the Hidden Father.

The kingdom is not found where leaders point (sky/sea), indicating divine concealment from ordinary perception.

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Evil As Privationtheology

Augustinian and Plotinian doctrine that evil has no positive being of its own but is a lack, distortion, or absence of the good — denying ontological dualism while preserving moral seriousness.

Poverty is described as a state of being resulting from the lack of self-knowledge.

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Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

The passage emphasizes self-knowledge as the path to realizing divine sonship, aligning with direct experiential knowledge of the divine.

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Kingdom Withinanthropology

The claim that the divine realm is present inside the individual, accessible without external mediation.

Logion 3: the kingdom is inside and outside of you — immanent divine

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Microcosm Macrocosmcosmology

The human being as a small-scale image of the entire cosmos; the body, soul, and intellect mirroring the structure of the heavens and the divine — distinct from correspondence in that it makes the human the privileged mirror.

The human interior containing the kingdom reflects the cosmic structure within the individual.

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Mystical Unionsoteriology

The merging of the individual soul or self with the divine, transcending personal identity.

The passage describes becoming known as sons of the Father through self-realization, implying a merging with the divine.

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Poverty Of Spiritanthropology

Eckhart's radical reading of Matthew 5:3 — the saint as one who wants nothing, knows nothing, and has nothing, having emptied even the will and the self with which to receive God; distinct from renunciation_of_wealth (material poverty).

The passage equates spiritual ignorance with poverty ('it is you who are that poverty'), echoing the concept of radical spiritual emptiness.

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Return To Sourcesoteriology

The soul's journey back to its divine origin, reversing the fall into matter through stages of purification or illumination.

Realizing one is a son of the father implies a return to divine origin through knowledge.

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Self Examinationpraxis

Daily review of thought and action as spiritual practice.

The command to 'know yourselves' prescribes introspection as a spiritual practice.

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Separation From Sourcesoteriology

The felt condition of exile from one's divine origin — Rumi's reed flute torn from its bed, Plotinus's 'we have forgotten,' the Gnostic forgetfulness; the affective wound that complements return_to_source and gives the return its motive.

Dwelling in poverty due to not knowing oneself implies a state of exile from the divine origin.

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Theosis Deificationsoteriology

The doctrine — central to Eastern Orthodox and Maximian theology — that the human person is progressively transformed into a partaker of the divine nature by grace, not merely justified or united in passing ecstasy.

Realizing one is a 'son of the living father' suggests a transformation into divine status.

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Hidden Sayingssoteriology

Esoteric teachings reserved for those ready to receive them; outer meaning conceals an inner liberating truth.

[auto] This logion reveals an esoteric truth about the kingdom's location contrary to common leadership teachings.

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Inner Lightanthropology

The divine spark or luminous quality residing within the human person, potentially recognisable through introspection.

[auto] The divine kingdom residing within the individual implies an internal luminous or spiritual quality.

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

[auto] The text refers to the 'living father,' indicating a dynamic, personal divine reality.

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Opposites Transcendedanthropology

The dissolution of binary oppositions (male/female, inner/outer, above/below) as a mark of spiritual completion.

[auto] The dichotomy between inside and outside is presented as simultaneously true, transcending binary opposition.

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Paradox As Teachingethics

Using apparent contradiction, reversal, or riddle to destabilise ordinary understanding and induce insight.

[auto] The teaching uses contradictory statements (inside and outside) to destabilize ordinary understanding of the kingdom.

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Pneumatic Electsoteriology

A spiritual elite who possess the divine spark and are predestined for salvation, contrasted with psychic (faithful) and hylic (material) persons.

[auto] A distinction is drawn between those who know themselves (sons) and those who dwell in poverty.

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Rejection Of Hypocrisyethics

Critique of outward religious observance that lacks inner transformation; form without substance.

[auto] Leaders pointing to external locations are critiqued for missing the true internal reality.

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Self Knowledgesoteriology

The recognition of one's own true divine nature as the primary path to liberation; 'know thyself' as soteriology.

[auto] The passage explicitly states that knowing oneself leads to being known and realizing divine sonship.

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Unity Of Beingtheology

The doctrine that all existence is ultimately one substance or one divine reality; non-duality as a theological claim.

[auto] By stating the kingdom is both inside and outside, it suggests a non-dual presence of the divine realm.

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Related passages · 1 parallel
buddhism|Vajrakkhedika (Diamond Cutter)|Section 1o
Bhagavat said: 'What do you think, O Subhûti, has the Tathâgata the bodily eye?' Subhûti said: 'So it is, O Bhagavat, the Tathâgata has the bodily eye.' Bhagavat said: 'What do you think, O Subhûti, has the Tathâgata the heavenly eye?' Subh…”
Both passages emphasize the importance of inner knowledge and understanding. The Gospel of Thomas stresses self-knowledge as the path to realizing the kingdom within, while the Diamond Sutra discusses the profound understanding of the nature of reality and the emptiness of concepts, including thoughts and merit.