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The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani) · 167 of 357 · tr. E.A. Wallis Budge

Chapter 20 (part 2)

The name of (2) the doorkeeper is Un-hat[4]; (3) the name of the watcher is (4) Seqet-hra; the name of the herald is Uset.[5] (6) Saith Osiris Ani, when he cometh unto this Arit; "He sitteth to do his heart's desire, and he weigheth (7) words as the second of Thoth. The strength of Thoth[6] humbleth the (8) hidden Maata gods[7] who feed upon Maat throughout the years [of their lives].[8] I make offerings at the (9) moment when [he] passeth on his way; I pass on and enter on the way; Grant thou that I may pass through and that I may gain sight of Ra together with those who make offerings." [1. Birch: "Pure Spirits." Pierret: "Intelligents." 2. I.e. , the Arit . 3 Literally standard or perch. Var. ###. 4 Var. ###. 5 Var. ###. 6. Var. "the strength of Osiris is the strength of Thoth." 7 Varr. Nemasa , and Sah , "Orion." The reading in Lepsius is Masti , "gods of the thigh." 8. Var. "their years are the years of Osiris." 9. The text here differs from all others and may be corrupt.] Vignette III. : The third Arit, guarded by three gods; the first with the head of a jackal, the second the head of a dog, and the third the head of a serpent. The first holds an ear of corn (?), and each of the others a knife. Text: (1) THE THIRD ARIT. The name of the (2) doorkeeper is Qeq-hauau-ent-pehui;[1] the name of the (4) watcher is Se-res-hra;[2] the name of the herald is Aaa.[3] Saith Osiris Ani, [when he cometh to this Arit]: (6) "I am hidden [in] the great deep, [I am] the judge of the Rehui.[4] I have come and I have done away with the offences of Osiris. I am building up the standing place (7) which cometh forth from his urerit (?) crown. I have done his business in Abtu, I have opened the way in Re-stau, I have (8) eased the pain which was in Osiris. I have made straight his standing place, and I have made [his] path.[5] He shineth in Re-stau." Vignette IV. : The fourth Arit, guarded by three gods; the first with the head of a man, the second the head of a hawk, and the third the head of a lion. The first holds an ear of corn and each of the others a knife. Text: (1) THE FOURTH ARIT. The name of the (2) doorkeeper is Khesef-hra-asht- (3) kheru;[6] the name of the (4) watcher is Seres-tepu;[7] (5) the name of the herald is (6) Khesef-At.[8] Saith Osiris, the scribe Ani, triumphant, [when he cometh to this Arit]: "I am the [mighty] bull, the (7) son of the ancestress of Osiris. O grant ye that his father, the lord of his godlike (8) companions, may bear witness for him. Here the guilty are weighed in judgment. I have brought unto (9) his nostrils eternal life.
Themes
Divine Hiddennesstheology

The supreme God's radical concealment beyond ordinary knowledge or perception; the Hidden Father.

The text mentions 'hidden Maata gods', indicating a level of divine concealment within the cosmology.

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Divine Lighttheology

The uncreated luminous quality of the divine, sometimes experienced directly in mystical states; illumination as revelation.

The goal of the journey is to 'gain sight of Ra', the sun god associated with light and illumination.

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Eschatological Judgmentsoteriology

Final, collective cosmic judgment as an event in which the wicked are sentenced and the cosmos restored; distinct from psychopomp_journey (individual passage at death) and emphasising verdict where Zoroastrian frashokereti emphasises restoration.

The final section explicitly states that the guilty are weighed in judgment at this location.

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

The deities are described as active agents who feed, guard, and respond to offerings.

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Prayerpraxis

Direct address to the divine, whether petitionary, contemplative, or liturgical; speech and silence offered upward.

Ani petitions the guardians and gods with phrases like 'Grant thou that I may pass through.'

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Return To Sourcesoteriology

The soul's journey back to its divine origin, reversing the fall into matter through stages of purification or illumination.

The journey aims to unite with Ra and Osiris, reversing the separation caused by death.

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Theosis Deificationsoteriology

The doctrine — central to Eastern Orthodox and Maximian theology — that the human person is progressively transformed into a partaker of the divine nature by grace, not merely justified or united in passing ecstasy.

The deceased Ani identifies himself directly with Osiris and claims divine attributes like being the judge of the Rehui.

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Theurgypraxis

Iamblichean ritual practice that engages the gods directly through consecrated material symbols and actions, on the premise that divine power descends into properly prepared matter — distinct from philosophical contemplation alone.

The ritual recitation of divine names and performance of offerings engages the gods to alter the deceased's fate.

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Anthropomorphismtheology

Attributing human characteristics, emotions, or form to the divine; embodied divine imagery.

[auto] The vignette describes gods with animal heads (jackal, dog, serpent) but human-like agency and roles as guardians.

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Asha Cosmic Ordercosmology

Truth as the fundamental structure of reality.

[auto] The text references 'Maat' and 'Maata gods', representing the Egyptian concept of truth and cosmic order as a fundamental reality.

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Funerary Navigationpraxis

Texts and rituals guiding the soul through death.

[auto] The text is from the Book of the Dead and explicitly details the deceased's passage through afterlife gates (Arit) to reach Ra.

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Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

[auto] Passage is contingent upon knowing the specific names of the guardians, functioning as salvific knowledge.

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Maat Cosmic Ordercosmology

The Egyptian principle of truth, balance, and right order underlying both the cosmos and human conduct; the parallel to Zoroastrian asha and Greek dike.

[auto] Maat is explicitly invoked as the principle upon which gods feed and by which words are weighed in judgment.

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Psychopomp Journeycosmology

Guided passage of the soul through afterlife realms.

[auto] The passage describes the soul's guided movement through guarded realms (Arit) with specific deities acting as gatekeepers.

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Sacred Namestheology

Divine names or formulas that carry ontological power, used in prayer, liturgy, or magical practice.

[auto] The text explicitly lists the names of doorkeepers and watchers as essential knowledge for the deceased to gain passage.

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Spiritual Ascentpraxis

A staged journey of the soul upward through heavenly realms or levels of being toward the divine source.

[auto] The deceased seeks to pass through gates to gain sight of Ra, indicating a journey upward or toward the divine source.

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Related passages · 2 parallels
mesopotamian|Enuma Elish: The Epic of Creation|1j
Tutu [Marduk] is "He who created them anew"; Should their wants be pure, then are they satisfied; Should he make an incantation, then are the gods appeased; Should they attack him in anger, he withstandeth their onslaught! Let him therefor…”
Both passages describe a deity (Osiris in Passage A and Marduk in Passage B) who has power over life, death, and the afterlife, and who is invoked for protection and guidance in the journey through the afterlife. They share themes of divine judgment, purification, and the creation of order.
mesopotamian|Enuma Elish: The Epic of Creation|1k
May he hold the Beginning and the Future, may they pay homage unto him, Saying, "He who forced his way through the midst of Tiamat without resting, Let his name be Nibiru, 'the Seizer of the Midst'! For the stars of heaven he upheld the pa…”
Both passages describe a journey through a series of gates or challenges guarded by deities, emphasizing the protagonist's (Osiris Ani in Passage A and Marduk in Passage B) divine authority and ability to overcome obstacles. They share themes of divine judgment, cosmic order, and the protagonist's role in maintaining or restoring that order.