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Pseudo-Dionysius: The Divine Names · 31 of 39 · tr. C.E. Rolt

Chapter 4, Section 1

Intr., p. 5. 259 Here we get once more the Aristotelian classification of causes. The Good is:— (i) Formal Cause (1) immanent in the world (Order— τάξις ); (2) containing the world (Embracing Power— περιοχή ). (ii) Efficient Cause (Cause— αἰτία ). (iii) Final Cause (End— τέλος ). 260 The light permeates water but it does not permeate a stone. It passes over the stone and permeates the water beyond it. 261 ἀρχισυνάγωγος ἐστι τῶν ἐσκεδασμένων. 262 ὡς ἐν παντοκρατορικῷ πυθμένι. 263 (1) Man, (2) Animal, (3) Vegetable, (4) Matter. 264 This seems to imply that matter itself could not exist without the influence of the light. Perhaps this belief rests on Gen. i. 1, 2 . 265 ἥλιος ὅτι πάντα ἀολλῆ ποιεῖ. With the naïf etymology cf. iv. 5. 266 Rom. i. 20 . The sun is not personal or supra-personal. But its impersonal activity is an emblem, as it were, of God’s supra-personal activity. 267 Two worlds: (1) Nature, (2) Grace. God is revealed in both; the former was apparently the subject of the Symbolic Divinity; the latter is that of the present treatise. 268 i.e. Men and different orders of angels. 269 Material light is diffused in space and hence is divisible. The Spiritual Light is indivisible, being totally present to each illuminated mind. Hence the Spiritual Light is simple in a way that the material light is not. 270 All our spiritual and mental powers are due to the same Spiritual Light working in each one of us. Cf. Wordsworth: “Those mysteries of Being which have made and shall continue evermore to make of the whole human race one brotherhood.” 271 Cf. ii. 8. 272 ὡς πάντα πρὸς ἑαυτὸ καλοῦν (ὅθεν καὶ κάλλος λέγεται). Cf. iv. 4. 273 The ultimate nature of all beautiful things is a simple and supernatural Element common to them all and manifested in them all. The law of life is that it has its true and ultimate being outside it. The true beauty of all beautiful things is outside them in God. Hence all great art (even when not directly religious) tends towards the Supernatural or has a kind of supernatural atmosphere. 274 παραδειγματικόν—i.e. the ultimate Law of their being, the Idea or Type. 275 τὸ μὴ ὄν—i.e. that mere nothingness which is manifested either as (1) formless “matter” or (2) evil. See Intr., p. 20. 276 Evil is non-existent in one sense. The Good is Non-Existent in another. Cf. p. 90, n. 1.
Themes
Apophatic Theologytheology

Describing the divine only by negation—God transcends all positive categories and concepts; the via negativa.

The text describes God's nature through negation, stating He is 'non-existent' in one sense while the Good is Non-Existent in another.

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Correspondencecosmology

The Hermetic axiom that the structure of the cosmos is reflected at every scale — 'as above, so below; as within, so without' — making each level a legible map of the others.

The text links the structure of the cosmos to human spiritual powers, stating 'all our spiritual and mental powers are due to the same Spiritual Light working in each one of us.'

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Divine Hiddennesstheology

The supreme God's radical concealment beyond ordinary knowledge or perception; the Hidden Father.

The text emphasizes that God is revealed in Grace rather than apparent Nature and that His activity is impersonal.

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Divine Lighttheology

The uncreated luminous quality of the divine, sometimes experienced directly in mystical states; illumination as revelation.

The passage centrally discusses the nature of light as a divine attribute that permeates the world, illuminates minds, and reveals God's presence.

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Evil As Privationtheology

Augustinian and Plotinian doctrine that evil has no positive being of its own but is a lack, distortion, or absence of the good — denying ontological dualism while preserving moral seriousness.

The text explicitly defines evil as 'mere nothingness' manifested either as formless matter or evil itself, aligning with the doctrine that evil has no positive being.

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Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

The text suggests that true beauty and spiritual powers are revealed through direct contact with the divine light rather than external observation.

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Inner Lightanthropology

The divine spark or luminous quality residing within the human person, potentially recognisable through introspection.

The passage states that the Spiritual Light is indivisible and totally present to each illuminated mind.

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Kingdom Withinanthropology

The claim that the divine realm is present inside the individual, accessible without external mediation.

The text asserts that the divine light works within each individual, making the divine realm accessible internally.

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

The text describes God's activity as impersonal yet active, permeating and working in the world.

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Monadcosmology

The absolutely simple, undivided first principle from which all multiplicity and existence flows.

The text refers to 'the Good' as a singular principle immanent in the world that contains all orders of existence.

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Return To Sourcesoteriology

The soul's journey back to its divine origin, reversing the fall into matter through stages of purification or illumination.

The text implies a movement back to God as the ultimate source of beauty and light from which all things derive.

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Separation From Sourcesoteriology

The felt condition of exile from one's divine origin — Rumi's reed flute torn from its bed, Plotinus's 'we have forgotten,' the Gnostic forgetfulness; the affective wound that complements return_to_source and gives the return its motive.

The text notes that the true beauty of all things is outside them in God, implying a current state of separation from their source.

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Spiritual Ascentpraxis

A staged journey of the soul upward through heavenly realms or levels of being toward the divine source.

The passage describes the human being as a subject of the Symbolic Divinity and implies a movement toward the divine through illumination.

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Unity Of Beingtheology

The doctrine that all existence is ultimately one substance or one divine reality; non-duality as a theological claim.

The text asserts that all beautiful things share a simple and supernatural Element common to them all.

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Related passages · 14 parallels
neoplatonism|Iamblichus: On the Mysteries|Chapter XIII
Consider, therefore, also another genus of causes; how a stone or a herb frequently possess from themselves a nature corruptive, or again collective of generated natures. For this is not only the case with these, but this physical power is…”
Both passages discuss the nature of causes and the influence of higher beings or powers on the natural world. Iamblichus explores the distinction between good and evil daemons and their effects, while the second passage categorizes the Good as different types of causes and discusses the influence of the Spiritual Light. Both texts delve into the metaphysical and theological underpinnings of natural phenomena.
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 178
Section 2 2. But to halt at these nearest determinants, not to be willing to penetrate deeper, indicates a sluggish mind, a dullness to all that calls us towards the primal and transcendent causes. How comes it that the same surface causes…”
Both passages explore the nature of causality and the underlying principles that govern existence. Passage A discusses various philosophical schools' views on the primal causes of phenomena, while Passage B outlines the Aristotelian classification of causes and the role of the Good in the universe. Both texts delve into the metaphysical and philosophical underpinnings of reality, seeking to understand the fundamental forces that shape the world.
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 179
Section 3 3. "Atoms" or "elements"- it is in either case an absurdity, an impossibility, to hand over the universe and its contents to material entities, and out of the disorderly swirl thus occasioned to call order, reasoning, and the gove…”
Both passages discuss the nature of reality and the role of order and principles beyond mere material entities. Passage A argues against atomic materialism and the idea that material entities can explain the order and reasoning of the soul, while Passage B discusses the Good as a principle that permeates and orders the universe, emphasizing the spiritual and supernatural elements that govern reality.
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 180
Section 4 4. Another theory: The Universe is permeated by one Soul, Cause of all things and events; every separate phenomenon as a member of a whole moves in its place with the general movement; all the various causes spring into action fro…”
Both passages discuss the nature of causality and the interconnectedness of all things within a universal framework. Passage A explores the idea of a single Soul as the cause of all phenomena, while Passage B delves into the Aristotelian classification of causes and the pervasive influence of the Good. Both texts grapple with the concept of unity and individuality within a larger cosmic order.
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 184
Section 8 8. What can this other cause be; one standing above those treated of; one that leaves nothing causeless, that preserves sequence and order in the Universe and yet allows ourselves some reality and leaves room for prediction and au…”
Both passages discuss the nature of a higher principle or cause that governs the universe and individual beings. They explore the relationship between this principle and the material world, emphasizing the influence of the higher principle on lower realms.
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 247
Section 15 15. Now the objects attracting the sun-rays to themselves- illuminated by a fire of the sense-order- are necessarily of the sense-order; there is perceptibility because there has been a union of things at once external to each ot…”
Both passages discuss the interaction between a higher principle (Reason-Principle in Plotinus, Spiritual Light in the second passage) and a lower, more material principle (Matter in Plotinus, matter in the second passage). They explore the nature of these interactions, the immutability of the lower principle, and the role of the higher principle in manifesting or illuminating the lower.
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 351 (part 1)
Section 31 31. Our problem embraces all act and all experience throughout the entire kosmos- whether due to nature, in the current phrase, or effected by art. The natural proceeds, we must hold, from the All towards its members and from t…”
Both passages explore the nature of causation and the interplay between different levels of reality, whether it be the kosmos in Plotinus or the spiritual and material worlds in the second passage. They both discuss the role of higher principles (the All, the Good) in influencing lower realms, though from different philosophical and mystical perspectives.
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 370 (part 1)
Section 4 4. But there is the question of the linked light that must relate the visual organ to its object. Now, firstly: since the intervening air is not necessary- unless in the purely accidental sense that air may be necessary to light…”
Both passages explore the nature of light and its role in perception and the understanding of reality. They discuss the idea of light as an intermediary that connects the perceiver with the perceived, and they both touch on the concept of light being more than just a physical phenomenon, extending into the realm of the spiritual or metaphysical.
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 372
Section 6 6. We return, then, to the question whether there could be light if there were no air, the sun illuminating corporeal surfaces across an intermediate void which, as things are, takes the light accidentally by the mere fact of bein…”
Both passages explore the nature of light and its independence from material substances. Plotinus discusses the self-existence of light and its ability to transcend material mediums, while the second passage from the Hermetica also examines the nature of light, its ability to permeate certain substances and not others, and its spiritual significance.
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 460
Section 7 7. Consider the act of ocular vision: There are two elements here; there is the form perceptible to the sense and there is the medium by which the eye sees that form. This medium is itself perceptible to the eye, distinct from the…”
Both passages explore the nature of light and vision as metaphors for understanding higher principles. Plotinus discusses the Intellectual Principle's vision of pure light within itself, while the second passage describes the Spiritual Light as indivisible and present in each illuminated mind, highlighting a conceptual parallel in their mystical insights.
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neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 641 (part 1)
Section 2 2. Thus we have even here the means of knowing the nature of the Intellectual-Principle, though, seeing it more closely than anything else, we still see it at less than its worth. We know that it exists but its cause we do not s…”
Both passages explore the nature of the divine or intellectual principle and its relationship to the causes of existence. They discuss the unity and perfection of the higher realm or divine principle, and how it contains the causes of all things within it.
western_esoteric|The Secret Teachings of All Ages (Manly P. Hall)|The Bembine Table of Isish
Goodness is sought by all. It is the Prime Cause of causes. Goodness is self-diffused and hence exists in all things, for nothing can produce that which it does not have in itself. The Table demonstrates that all is in God and God is in…”
Both passages discuss the concept of the divine permeating all aspects of creation, the interconnectedness of all things, and the idea that the visible world is a reflection of the invisible divine realm. They share a similar metaphysical framework and use analogous language to describe the relationship between the divine and the material world.
western_esoteric|Tertium Organum (P.D. Ouspensky)|Chapter XVI (part 13)
We do not know the world of causes; we are confined in the jail of the phenomenal world simply because we do not know how to discern where one ends and where the other begins. We are in constant touch with the world of causes, we live in i…”
Both passages explore the nature of reality beyond the phenomenal world, emphasizing the limitations of human perception and the need to understand the attributes of the noumenal or spiritual world. They both highlight the idea that the true nature of reality is not easily comprehended through ordinary means and requires a deeper, more mystical understanding.
western_esoteric|Tertium Organum (P.D. Ouspensky)|Chapter XXII (part 12)
"The cause of all things is neither soul nor intellect; nor has it imagination, opinion, or reason, or intelligence; nor is it reason or intelligence; nor is it spoken or thought. It is neither number, nor order, nor magnitude, nor littlen…”
Both passages explore the nature of the divine and its relationship to the world, emphasizing the transcendence and immanence of the divine light or cause. They also discuss the unity and interconnectedness of all things through the divine, though they come from different mystical traditions.