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The Dhammapada · 3 of 3 · tr. F. Max Müller

Chapter XIV, Section 1c

But that is not a safe refuge, that is not the best refuge; a man is not delivered from all pains after having gone to that refuge. 190. He who takes refuge with Buddha, the Law, [188-192. These verses occur in Sanskrit in the Prâtihâryasûtra, translated by Burnouf, Introduction, pp. 162-189; see p. 186. Burnouf translates rukkha k etyâni by 'arbres consacrés;' properly, sacred shrines under or near a tree. See also G âtaka vol. i. p. 97. 190. Budda, Dharma, and Sa n gha are called the Tri s ara n a (cf. Burnouf, Introd. p. 630). The four holy truths are the four statements that there is pain in this world, that the source of pain is desire, that desire can be annihilated, that there is a way (shown by Buddha) by which the annihilation of all desires can be achieved, and freedom be obtained. That way consists of eight parts. (See Burnouf, Introduction, p. 630.) The eightfold way forms the subject of Chapter XVIII. (See also Feer, Journal As. 1870, p. 418, and Chips from a German Workshop, 2nd ed. vol. i. p. 251 seq.)] p. 52 and the Church; he who, with clear understanding, sees the four holy truths:-- 191. Viz. pain, the origin of pain, the destruction of pain, and the eightfold holy way that leads to the quieting of pain;-- 192. That is the safe refuge, that is the best refuge; having gone to that refuge, a man is delivered from all pain. 193. A supernatural person (a Buddha) is not easily found, he is not born everywhere. Wherever such a sage is born, that race prospers. 194. Happy is the arising of the awakened, happy is the teaching of the True Law, happy is peace in the church, happy is the devotion of those who are at peace. 195., 196. He who pays homage to those who deserve homage, whether the awakened (Buddha) or their disciples, those who have overcome the host (of evils), and crossed the flood of sorrow, he who pays homage to such as have found deliverance and know no fear, his merit can never be measured by anybody.
Themes
Detachment Gelassenheitpraxis

Eckhart's Abgeschiedenheit/Gelassenheit — radical letting-go of will, image, and grasping that opens the soul to God; distinct from inner_silence (quietness) and from material renunciation, and adjacent to Sufi tark and Buddhist non-grasping as a practice rather than a metaphysical claim.

The text emphasizes overcoming the host of evils and crossing the flood of sorrow through a path that leads to quieting pain.

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Divine Hiddennesstheology

The supreme God's radical concealment beyond ordinary knowledge or perception; the Hidden Father.

A supernatural person is described as not being easily found and not born everywhere.

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Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

The passage explicitly states that salvation comes from 'clear understanding' and seeing the four holy truths rather than ritual alone.

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Kingdom Withinanthropology

The claim that the divine realm is present inside the individual, accessible without external mediation.

The refuge is located within the individual's understanding rather than in external physical locations.

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

The Buddha and Law are personified as active sources of refuge and teaching.

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Paradox As Teachingethics

Using apparent contradiction, reversal, or riddle to destabilise ordinary understanding and induce insight.

The passage uses the reversal that a physical refuge is not safe compared to the spiritual path.

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Prayerpraxis

Direct address to the divine, whether petitionary, contemplative, or liturgical; speech and silence offered upward.

The passage explicitly mentions 'paying homage' to the awakened and their disciples as a spiritual practice.

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Return To Sourcesoteriology

The soul's journey back to its divine origin, reversing the fall into matter through stages of purification or illumination.

The text describes a path that leads to peace and deliverance from all pain.

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Ritual Puritypraxis

The maintenance of a state of cleanliness—physical, moral, or spiritual—required for encounter with the divine.

The mention of 'sacred shrines' implies a requirement for purity in the physical context of refuge.

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Self Knowledgesoteriology

The recognition of one's own true divine nature as the primary path to liberation; 'know thyself' as soteriology.

Salvation is linked to seeing the four holy truths and clear understanding of one's spiritual state.

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Spiritual Ascentpraxis

A staged journey of the soul upward through heavenly realms or levels of being toward the divine source.

The text describes a journey from physical refuge to the quieting of pain through the eightfold way.

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Sunyata Emptinesssoteriology

The Buddhist doctrine that all phenomena lack independent self-nature; emptiness as the positive recognition that things arise only in dependence on conditions — distinct from kenoma's mere deficiency.

The text states that desire can be annihilated and one is delivered from all pains, aligning with the concept of emptiness of suffering.

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Related passages · 2 parallels
christian_mysticism|The Life and Doctrines of Jacob Boehme|Chapter 10 (part 1)
p. 198 CHAPTER X. THE CHRIST. "The inner element which holds the whole body of this world has become the eternal body of Christ; for the whole of Divinity in the word and heart of God has entered therein in eternity; and the same Divinit…”
Both passages emphasize the importance of divine guidance and refuge in achieving spiritual deliverance and happiness. Passage A discusses taking refuge in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha, while Passage B focuses on the divine aid provided by Christ to save humanity.
egyptian|The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani)|Chapter 18 (part 11)
He shall (5) enter into the Fields of Aaru in peace, to learn the bidding of him who dwelleth in Tattu; (6) there shall wheat and barley be given unto him; there shall he flourish as he did upon (7) earth; and he shall do whatsoever pleaset…”
Both passages discuss the concept of finding refuge or salvation through divine or enlightened beings and following a path or set of truths that lead to liberation from suffering. The Dhammapada emphasizes the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha, while the Egyptian text focuses on deities and the afterlife, but both share the theme of seeking and attaining a higher, peaceful state.