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Select Works of Plotinus · 185 of 752 · tr. Thomas Taylor

Select Works, Section 191

Section 4 4. That water extinguishes fire and fire consumes other things should not astonish us. The thing destroyed derived its being from outside itself: this is no case of a self-originating substance being annihilated by an external; it rose on the ruin of something else, and thus in its own ruin it suffers nothing strange; and for every fire quenched, another is kindled. In the immaterial heaven every member is unchangeably itself for ever; in the heavens of our universe, while the whole has life eternally and so too all the nobler and lordlier components, the Souls pass from body to body entering into varied forms- and, when it may, a Soul will rise outside of the realm of birth and dwell with the one Soul of all. For the embodied lives by virtue of a Form or Idea: individual or partial things exist by virtue of Universals; from these priors they derive their life and maintenance, for life here is a thing of change; only in that prior realm is it unmoving. From that unchangingness, change had to emerge, and from that self-cloistered Life its derivative, this which breathes and stirs, the respiration of the still life of the divine. The conflict and destruction that reign among living beings are inevitable, since things here are derived, brought into existence because the Divine Reason which contains all of them in the upper Heavens- how could they come here unless they were There?- must outflow over the whole extent of Matter. Similarly, the very wronging of man by man may be derived from an effort towards the Good; foiled, in their weakness, of their true desire, they turn against each other: still, when they do wrong, they pay the penalty- that of having hurt their Souls by their evil conduct and of degradation to a lower place- for nothing can ever escape what stands decreed in the law of the Universe. This is not to accept the idea, sometimes urged, that order is an outcome of disorder and law of lawlessness, as if evil were a necessary preliminary to their existence or their manifestation: on the contrary order is the original and enters this sphere as imposed from without: it is because order, law and reason exist that there can be disorder; breach of law and unreason exist because Reason exists- not that these better things are directly the causes of the bad but simply that what ought to absorb the Best is prevented by its own nature, or by some accident, or by foreign interference. An entity which must look outside itself for a law, may be foiled of its purpose by either an internal or an external cause; there will be some flaw in its own nature, or it will be hurt by some alien influence, for often harm follows, unintended, upon the action of others in the pursuit of quite unrelated aims. Such living beings, on the other hand, as have freedom of motion under their own will sometimes take the right turn, sometimes the wrong. Why the wrong course is followed is scarcely worth enquiring: a slight deviation at the beginning develops with every advance into a continuously wider and graver error- especially since there is the attached body with its inevitable concomitant of desire- and the first step, the hasty movement not previously considered and not immediately corrected, ends by establishing a set habit where there was at first only a fall. Punishment naturally follows: there is no injustice in a man suffering what belongs to the condition in which he is; nor can we ask to be happy when our actions have not earned us happiness; the good, only, are happy; divine beings are happy only because they are good.
Themes
Correspondencecosmology

The Hermetic axiom that the structure of the cosmos is reflected at every scale — 'as above, so below; as within, so without' — making each level a legible map of the others.

The 'Reason-Principle within a seed contains all the parts', reflecting the whole in the part.

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Cosmic Dualismtheology

Ontological opposition between two primal principles (light/darkness, truth/lie, spirit/matter) as the fundamental structure of reality.

The universe is described as a mixed thing with two extremes: Matter and the Divine Reason.

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Demiurgecosmology

A secondary creator deity—often ignorant or malevolent—responsible for fashioning the material world, distinct from the supreme transcendent God.

The text references a 'secondary Kind' responsible for the lower cosmos and contrasts the Intellectual Principle with a 'craftsman,' engaging with demiurgic concepts.

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Evil As Privationtheology

Augustinian and Plotinian doctrine that evil has no positive being of its own but is a lack, distortion, or absence of the good — denying ontological dualism while preserving moral seriousness.

Discord and hostility are described as results of 'imperfection' and 'difference', aligning with evil as a lack of unity/good.

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Logoscosmology

The divine reason, word, or ordering principle through which the universe was created; mediates between the transcendent God and the material world.

The 'Intellectual Principle' is presented as the productive source holding all power, functioning similarly to a divine ordering principle.

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Microcosm Macrocosmcosmology

The human being as a small-scale image of the entire cosmos; the body, soul, and intellect mirroring the structure of the heavens and the divine — distinct from correspondence in that it makes the human the privileged mirror.

The seed analogy suggests the organism contains all parts concentrated in identity, mirroring the cosmic structure.

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Opposites Transcendedanthropology

The dissolution of binary oppositions (male/female, inner/outer, above/below) as a mark of spiritual completion.

In the Intellectual Principle, there is 'no distinction, no jarring', transcending the conflict found in the lower world.

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Separation From Sourcesoteriology

The felt condition of exile from one's divine origin — Rumi's reed flute torn from its bed, Plotinus's 'we have forgotten,' the Gnostic forgetfulness; the affective wound that complements return_to_source and gives the return its motive.

The passage describes a 'new estrangement' where parts stand apart and are not self-sufficient, needing fulfillment from outside.

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Divine Providencetheology

Pronoia — the doctrine that the divine actively orders the unfolding of the cosmos and human affairs toward intelligible ends, against pure chance or blind necessity.

[auto] It states that the divine Realm imposes a harmonious act and ordered system through the ruling Reason-Principle despite discord.

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Divine Simplicitytheology

The doctrine that God has no parts, divisions, or composite attributes; pure undivided being.

[auto] The text contrasts the 'true unity' of the Intellectual Realm with the divided, multiple nature of the lower cosmos, emphasizing the simplicity of the higher principle.

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Emanation Hierarchycosmology

A chain of divine beings or principles flowing downward from a single transcendent source (the One or the Father), each level less perfect than the one above.

[auto] The passage explicitly describes the derivation of a 'lower kosmos' from an 'Authentic Kosmos,' establishing a hierarchical flow from unity to multiplicity.

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Monadcosmology

The absolutely simple, undivided first principle from which all multiplicity and existence flows.

[auto] The 'Authentic Kosmos' is described as 'one within itself' and a 'true unity,' functioning as the undivided first principle from which existence flows.

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Unity Of Beingtheology

The doctrine that all existence is ultimately one substance or one divine reality; non-duality as a theological claim.

[auto] The passage posits an 'Authentic Kosmos' as the source of power and unity, implying that true being is singular before descending into multiplicity.

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Related passages · 11 parallels
christian_mysticism|The Life and Doctrines of Jacob Boehme|Chapter 3 (part 6)
49.) Thus the light conquers the darkness, but does not destroy it; it merely becomes victorious over it and consumes it in a manner comparable to that of the assimilation of food by the organism which conquers and consumes that food by mea…”
Both passages discuss the interplay between opposing forces (light/darkness, fire/water) and the transformation that occurs through their interaction. They also explore the concept of spiritual revelation and the nature of divine principles, though within different theological frameworks.
christian_mysticism|The Life and Doctrines of Jacob Boehme|Chapter 6 (part 2)
"When the eternal Word moved, because of the malice of Lucifer, and for the purpose of expelling this evil guest from his residence into eternal darkness, the essence was rendered compact (coagulated). God was not willing to leave the mani…”
Both passages discuss the creation of the world and the role of divine principles in establishing order. They describe a process where divine intervention brings light and order out of chaos, with a focus on the interaction between divine and dark forces.
christian_mysticism|The Life and Doctrines of Jacob Boehme|Chapter 6 (part 4)
Then in the spirit of external nature there originated a male and a female kind—namely, in the fiery Mercury the male, and in the watery the female one." ( Clavis , 86.) "On the third day the fiery and the watery Mercury have again entered…”
Both passages discuss the interplay between opposing forces (fire and water, light and darkness) and the emergence of life and order from these interactions. They also explore the concept of divine influence and the inherent nature of change and transformation in the universe.
christian_mysticism|The Life and Doctrines of Jacob Boehme|Chapter 7 (part 3)
2.) "The inner man stood in heaven; his essences were the Paradise; his body was indestructible. He knew the language of God and the angels, and the language of nature, as may be seen by Adam giving names to all creatures, to each accordin…”
Both passages discuss the concept of a higher, divine realm influencing a lower, material realm. They explore the idea of unity and division, with the higher realm being a source of order and reason that permeates the lower realm, albeit in a less perfect manner.
christian_mysticism|The Life and Doctrines of Jacob Boehme|Chapter 7 (part 6)
2.) There existed in man also the third principle, wherein resides sensual desire. He was not endowed with this principle for the purpose of surrendering himself to it, but that he might introduce it into the light of God, and glorify Him…”
Both passages discuss the relationship between a higher, divine realm and a lower, material world. They explore the concept of harmony and discord within the universe and the role of a divine principle in maintaining order, despite the inherent imperfections and conflicts in the material realm.
christian_mysticism|The Life and Doctrines of Jacob Boehme|Chapter 8 (part 5)
Thus the earth is filled with hunger after the stars and after the spiritus mundi , so that they have no peace." ( Clavis , 110.) "The earth is turning around because she has both fires, the hot and the cold fire, and that which is below al…”
Both passages explore the interconnectedness and conflicts of elements or principles in the natural world, emphasizing the underlying unity and the dynamic interactions that lead to both harmony and strife. They share a mystical perspective on the nature of reality and the interplay of fundamental forces.
christian_mysticism|The Life and Doctrines of Jacob Boehme|Chapter 10 (part 5)
The wrath must kill and consume the external image that has grown in the wrath, but from its death springs forth the eternal life." ( Mysterium , xxviii. 14.) "Abel, representing an antitype of Christ, who was to suffer death for humanity,…”
Both passages discuss the concept of a fall from a higher state into a lower, more fragmented one, and the role of divine principles in this process. Boehme's passage focuses on the biblical narrative of Cain and Abel, while Plotinus' passage discusses the derivation of the lower kosmos from the Authentic Kosmos. Both explore themes of division, discord, and the intervention of divine principles to restore harmony.
platonism|Plato: Timaeus|Section 1z
But so long as in the process of transition the weaker is fighting against the stronger, the dissolution continues. Again, when a few small particles, enclosed in many larger ones, are in process of decomposition and extinction, they only…”
Both passages discuss the transformation and interaction of elements, the nature of change, and the underlying principles governing these processes. They explore the idea of elements transitioning into one another and the causes of these transformations, albeit within different philosophical frameworks.
platonism|Plato: Timaeus|Section 1}
Wherefore earth when not consolidated by force is dissolved by water only; when consolidated, by nothing but fire; for this is the only body which can find an entrance. The cohesion of water again, when very strong, is dissolved by fire on…”
Both passages explore the interactions and transformations of elemental substances (fire, water, air, earth) and their effects on the physical world. They also delve into the nature of sensation and the underlying principles governing these interactions, showing a conceptual parallel in their mystical and philosophical inquiries.
platonism|Plato: Timaeus|Section 1Š
Moreover, as to the flowing of water, the fall of the thunderbolt, and the marvels that are observed about the attraction of amber and the Heraclean stones,-in none of these cases is there any attraction; but he who investigates rightly, wi…”
Both passages explore the nature of existence, change, and the interplay between different elements or substances. They discuss the cyclical nature of life and death, the role of external influences, and the underlying principles governing these processes, though from different philosophical and mystical perspectives.
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platonism|Plato: Timaeus|Section 1‹
There are four natures out of which the body is compacted, earth and fire and water and air, and the unnatural excess or defect of these, or the change of any of them from its own natural place into another, or-since there are more kinds th…”
Both passages discuss the nature of health and disease, and the underlying principles governing the balance and imbalance of elements within the body. They both explore the idea of natural order and how deviations from this order lead to disorders.