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Select Works of Plotinus · 136 of 752 · tr. Thomas Taylor

Select Works, Section 144

Section 5 5. How can we talk of it? How can it be the Matter of real things? It is talked of, and it serves, precisely, as a Potentiality. And, as being a Potentiality, it is not of the order of the thing it is to become: its existence is no more than an announcement of a future, as it were a thrust forward to what is to come into existence. As Potentiality then, it is not any definite thing but the potentiality of everything: being nothing in itself- beyond what being Matter amounts to- it is not in actualization. For if it were actually something, that actualized something would not be Matter, or at least not Matter out and out, but merely Matter in the limited sense in which bronze is the matter of the statue. And its Non-Being must be no mere difference from Being. Motion, for example, is different from Being, but plays about it, springing from it and living within it: Matter is, so to speak, the outcast of Being, it is utterly removed, irredeemably what it was from the beginning: in origin it was Non-Being and so it remains. Nor are we to imagine that, standing away at the very beginning from the universal circle of Beings, it was thus necessarily an active Something or that it became a Something. It has never been able to annex for itself even a visible outline from all the forms under which it has sought to creep: it has always pursued something other than itself; it was never more than a Potentiality towards its next: where all the circle of Being ends, there only is it manifest; discerned underneath things produced after it, it is remoter [from Real-Being] even than they. Grasped, then, as an underlie in each order of Being, it can be no actualization of either: all that is allowed to it is to be a Potentiality, a weak and blurred phantasm, a thing incapable of a Shape of its own. Its actuality is that of being a phantasm, the actuality of being a falsity; and the false in actualization is the veritably false, which again is Authentic Non-Existence. So that Matter, as the Actualization of Non-Being, is all the more decidedly Non-Being, is Authentic Non-Existence. Thus, since the very reality of its Nature is situated in Non-Being, it is in no degree the Actualization of any definite Being. If it is to be present at all, it cannot be an Actualization, for then it would not be the stray from Authentic Being which it is, the thing having its Being in Non-Beingness: for, note, in the case of things whose Being is a falsity, to take away the falsity is to take away what Being they have, and if we introduce actualization into things whose Being and Essence is Potentiality, we destroy the foundation of their nature since their Being is Potentiality. If Matter is to be kept as the unchanging substratum, we must keep it as Matter: that means- does it not?- that we must define it as a Potentiality and nothing more- or refute these considerations.
Themes
Unity Of Beingtheology

The doctrine that all existence is ultimately one substance or one divine reality; non-duality as a theological claim.

The passage asserts that all beings in the Intellectual Realm exist in a unified state of pure Actualization.

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Divine Simplicitytheology

The doctrine that God has no parts, divisions, or composite attributes; pure undivided being.

[auto] It describes the Beings of the Intellectual Realm as possessing pure actuality without potentiality or composite parts.

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Emanation Hierarchycosmology

A chain of divine beings or principles flowing downward from a single transcendent source (the One or the Father), each level less perfect than the one above.

[auto] The passage implies a hierarchical structure where the Soul serves as Matter to a lower level while functioning as an Idea within the Intellectual Realm.

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Opposites Transcendedanthropology

The dissolution of binary oppositions (male/female, inner/outer, above/below) as a mark of spiritual completion.

[auto] The text asserts that the opposition between Potentiality and Actuality is dissolved within the Intellectual Realm.

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Paradox As Teachingethics

Using apparent contradiction, reversal, or riddle to destabilise ordinary understanding and induce insight.

[auto] The statement that 'Matter there is Idea' uses a contradiction to convey the unique ontological status of the higher realm.

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Related passages · 3 parallels
christian_mysticism|Pseudo-Dionysius: The Divine Names|Chapter 7, Section 1d
Furthermore, we must ask how it is that we know God when He cannot be perceived by the mind or the senses and is not a particular Being. Perhaps ‘tis true to say that we know not God by His Nature (for this is unknowable and beyond the rea…”
Both passages explore the concept of the ultimate reality or divine as being beyond being and non-being, and the difficulty of comprehending it. Plotinus discusses Matter as a potentiality and non-being, while Dionysius discusses God as both knowable and unknowable, existing on planes of differentiation and undifferentiation.
western_esoteric|Tertium Organum (P.D. Ouspensky)|Chapter XVI (part 9)
In our language only an eternally becoming universe exists. The "Eternal Now" cannot be expressed in language. Thus our language pictures to us beforehand a false universe— dual , when in reality it is one ; and eternally becoming when it…”
Both passages explore the nature of matter as a concept that is fundamentally different from being or reality. They both posit that matter is a form of potentiality or illusion, and discuss the limitations of language and perception in understanding its true nature.
western_esoteric|Tertium Organum (P.D. Ouspensky)|Chapter XXI (part 7)
_______ Where are our "idols?" From what shall we liberate ourselves in order to pass to an understanding of the multi-dimensional world? First of all we must get rid of our assurance that we see and sense that which exists in reality, and…”
Both passages discuss the nature of reality and the illusory or non-being aspects of the material world. Plotinus describes Matter as Non-Being and Potentiality, while the second passage discusses the illusoriness of the material world and the need to move beyond dualistic logic to understand a higher reality.