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The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani) · 184 of 357 · tr. E.A. Wallis Budge

Chapter 23 (part 6)

Text [CHAPTER LVI.]: CHAPTER OF SNIFFING THE AIR UPON EARTH. [He saith]: "(2) Hail, Tmu, grant thou unto me the sweet breath which is in thy two nostrils. I embrace the mighty throne which is in Unnu,[4] and I watch and guard the Egg of the Great Cackler. I grow, and it groweth; it groweth, and I grow; I live, and it liveth; I sniff the air, and it sniffeth the air." Vignette: Ani standing, with a staff in his left hand. Text [CHAPTER XXIX.]: (I) THE CHAPTER OF NOT LETTING THE HEART OF A MAN BE TAKEN AWAY FROM HIM IN THE UNDERWORLD. Saith Osiris Ani, triumphant: "Turn thou back, O messenger of all the gods. (2) Is it that thou art come to carry away[5] this my heart which liveth? My heart which liveth [1. The text of Lepsius gives "I guard that great egg," etc. 2. The variant text given by Naville indicates by that these words are the name or title of a god. Birch translates them by "Discriminator of Purity," and Pierret by "le sauvé dont le nom est pur." 3. For the texts see Naville, Todtenbuch , Bd. I., Bll. 67, 68, 69. 4. Hermopolis. 5. In a variant vignette given by Naville the deceased holding his heart in both hands offers it to three gods; and in another a man is about to fasten a necklace with a pendent heart to the statue of the deceased.] shall not be given unto thee. (3) [As I] advance, the gods give ear unto my supplications, and they fall down upon their faces wheresoever they be."
Themes
Correspondencecosmology

The Hermetic axiom that the structure of the cosmos is reflected at every scale — 'as above, so below; as within, so without' — making each level a legible map of the others.

The text asserts a reciprocal relationship where the deceased's actions mirror cosmic actions.

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Eschatological Judgmentsoteriology

Final, collective cosmic judgment as an event in which the wicked are sentenced and the cosmos restored; distinct from psychopomp_journey (individual passage at death) and emphasising verdict where Zoroastrian frashokereti emphasises restoration.

The prevention of the heart being taken away implies the context of the post-mortem judgment process.

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Maat Cosmic Ordercosmology

The Egyptian principle of truth, balance, and right order underlying both the cosmos and human conduct; the parallel to Zoroastrian asha and Greek dike.

The preservation of the heart and adherence to ritual reflects the Egyptian principle of maintaining cosmic truth and order.

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Microcosm Macrocosmcosmology

The human being as a small-scale image of the entire cosmos; the body, soul, and intellect mirroring the structure of the heavens and the divine — distinct from correspondence in that it makes the human the privileged mirror.

The deceased identifies their growth and life with cosmic entities like the Egg of the Great Cackler.

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Prayerpraxis

Direct address to the divine, whether petitionary, contemplative, or liturgical; speech and silence offered upward.

The text contains direct petitions such as grant thou and references to supplications heard by gods.

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Theosis Deificationsoteriology

The doctrine — central to Eastern Orthodox and Maximian theology — that the human person is progressively transformed into a partaker of the divine nature by grace, not merely justified or united in passing ecstasy.

The speaker claims identity with Osiris and embraces the throne of Tmu, indicating divine transformation.

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Theurgypraxis

Iamblichean ritual practice that engages the gods directly through consecrated material symbols and actions, on the premise that divine power descends into properly prepared matter — distinct from philosophical contemplation alone.

The recitation of specific chapters and spells is intended to manipulate divine powers for protection.

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Anthropomorphismtheology

Attributing human characteristics, emotions, or form to the divine; embodied divine imagery.

[auto] Divine entities are described with human characteristics such as nostrils, thrones, and messengers.

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Funerary Navigationpraxis

Texts and rituals guiding the soul through death.

[auto] The text is explicitly from the Book of the Dead and outlines spells to protect the deceased's heart during the journey through the underworld.

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

[auto] Deities are portrayed as active, responsive agents who grant breath or attempt to carry away the heart.

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Mystical Unionsoteriology

The merging of the individual soul or self with the divine, transcending personal identity.

[auto] The text declares a reciprocal growth and shared life between the deceased and the divine Egg principle.

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Psychopomp Journeycosmology

Guided passage of the soul through afterlife realms.

[auto] The passage addresses a messenger of the gods regarding the transport or retention of the heart within the afterlife realms.

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Sacred Namestheology

Divine names or formulas that carry ontological power, used in prayer, liturgy, or magical practice.

[auto] The deceased invokes specific divine names such as Tmu and Osiris Ani to establish identity and command power.

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Related passages · 6 parallels
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter LXII
LXII. Judgement of the Kings and the Mighty: Blessedness of the Righteous . CHAPTER LXII. 1. And thus the Lord commanded the kings and the mighty and the exalted, and those who dwell on the earth, and said: 'Open your eyes and lift up your…”
Both passages describe a scene of judgment and the exaltation of the righteous. In Passage A, the deceased Ani seeks to be justified and protected in the afterlife, while in Passage B, the righteous are blessed and the unrighteous are judged by the Son of Man. Both texts emphasize the divine recognition and vindication of the righteous.
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter LXXXI
LXXXI. The Heavenly Tablets and the Mission of Enoch . CHAPTER LXXXI. 1. And he said unto me: 'Observe, Enoch, these heavenly tablets, And read what is written thereon, And mark every individual fact.' p. 108 2 And I observed the heavenly t…”
Both passages deal with the theme of divine knowledge and the fate of the soul. Passage A from the Egyptian Book of the Dead focuses on the individual's journey and protection in the afterlife, while Passage B from the Book of Enoch discusses divine judgment and the recording of human deeds. Both texts emphasize the importance of righteousness and the divine oversight of human actions.
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter LXXXIV
CHAPTER LXXXIV. 1. And I lifted up my hands in righteousness and blessed the Holy and Great One, and spake with the breath of my mouth, and with the p. 113 tongue of flesh, which God has made for the children of the flesh of men, that they…”
Both passages involve a plea to a divine being for protection and continuation of life. Passage A seeks the sweet breath of life and protection of the heart, while Passage B asks for the establishment of righteous flesh and the sparing of humanity from destruction.
jewish_mysticism|The Greater Holy Assembly (Idra Rabba Qadisha)|Idra Rabba, Chapter 1 (part 2)
1 12. "For it is written, Deut. xxxiii. 29: 'Blessed art thou, O Israel: who is like unto thee?' Also it is written, Exod. xv. 11: 'Who is like unto thee among the gods, O Tetragrammaton?'" 2 13. He called Rabbi Eleazer, his son, and…”
Both passages explore themes of divine connection and the protection of spiritual essence. The Egyptian Book of the Dead emphasizes the preservation of the heart and the embrace of divine power, while the Idra Rabba discusses the fear and love of the divine, and the concealment of sacred knowledge, reflecting a similar concern with spiritual integrity and divine interaction.
mesopotamian|Enuma Elish: The Epic of Creation|1f
She hath given him the Tablets of Destiny on his breast she laid them, saving: Thy command shall not be without avail, and the word of thy mouth shall be established.' Now Kingu, thus exalted, having received the power of Anu, Decreed the f…”
Both passages deal with the theme of divine authority and the power of words or commands. In Passage A, the deceased seeks the power to sniff the air and grow, while in Passage B, Marduk is given the power to decree fate and his word is established as unalterable. Both texts emphasize the transformative power of divine words and commands.
mesopotamian|Enuma Elish: The Epic of Creation|1k
May he hold the Beginning and the Future, may they pay homage unto him, Saying, "He who forced his way through the midst of Tiamat without resting, Let his name be Nibiru, 'the Seizer of the Midst'! For the stars of heaven he upheld the pa…”
Both passages share themes of divine power, protection, and the interaction between the divine and the human or mortal realm. They both involve deities who have control over life and creation, and the texts describe rituals or invocations to seek the favor and protection of these deities.