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The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani) · 161 of 357 · tr. E.A. Wallis Budge

Chapter 19 (part 8)

, who are these gods?] Mestha, Hapi[1] Tuamautef, and Qebhsennuf. (83) "Homage to you, O ye lords of right and truth, and ye holy ones who [stand] behind Osiris, who utterly do away with (84) sins and crime, and [ye] who are in the following of the goddess Hetep-se(85)-khus, grant that I may come unto you. Destroy ye all the faults which (86) are within me, even as ye did for the seven Shining Ones (87) who are among the followers of their lord Sepa.[1] (88) Anubis appointed their place on the day [when was said], 'Come therefore thither.'" What then (89) is this? These lords of right and truth are Thoth and (90) Astes, lord of Amenta. The holy ones who stand behind Osiris, even Mestha, (91) Hapi, Tuamautef, and Qebhsennuf, are they who are (92) behind the Thigh[2] in the northern sky. They who do away with (93) sins and crime and who are in the following of the goddess Hetep-se-khus (94) are the god Sebek in the waters. The goddess Hetep-se-khus is the eye of (95) Ra, or (as others say), It is the flame which followeth after Osiris to burn up (96) the souls of his foes. As concerning all the faults which are (97) in Osiris, the scribe of the holy offerings of all the gods, Ani, triumphant, [they are all that he hath done against the lords of eternity][3] since he came forth (98) from his mother's womb. As concerning (99) the seven Shining Ones, even Mestha, Hapi, Tuamautef, Qebhsennuf, (100) Maa-atef-f, Kheri-beq-f, and Horus-Khenti-maa, Anubis appointed (101) them protectors of the body of Osiris, or (as others say), (102) [set them] behind the place of purification of Osiris; or (as others say), Those seven glorious ones are (103) Netcheh-netcheh, Aqet-qet, An-erta-nef-bes-f-khenti-heh-f,[4] (104) Aq-her-unnut-f,[5] Tesher-maa-ammi (105) -het-Anes,[6] [1. British Museum papyrus No. 10,477 reads ### which agrees with many of the variants given in Naville, Todtenbuch , Bd. II., P1. liii. The papyrus of Nebseni agrees with that of Ani; No. 19,471 has the curious reading, ###. 2. The Egyptian name for the constellation of the Great Bear. See Brugsch, Astronomische und Astrologische Inschriften , p. 123. 3. Some such words as have been omitted. See Naville, Todtenbuch , Bd. IL, Pl. lv. 4. I.e. , "He doth not give his flame, he dwelleth in the fire." 5. I.e. , "He goeth in at his hour." 6. I.e. , "He that hath two red eyes, the dweller in Het-Anes." According to Brugsch (Dict. Géog., p. 64), Het-Anes, i.e.
Themes
Return To Sourcesoteriology

The soul's journey back to its divine origin, reversing the fall into matter through stages of purification or illumination.

The deceased petitions to 'come unto' the gods and holy ones, seeking reunion with the divine realm.

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Theosis Deificationsoteriology

The doctrine — central to Eastern Orthodox and Maximian theology — that the human person is progressively transformed into a partaker of the divine nature by grace, not merely justified or united in passing ecstasy.

The deceased is identified as 'Osiris Ani,' reflecting the Egyptian belief in the transformation of the dead into a divine state.

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Anthropomorphismtheology

Attributing human characteristics, emotions, or form to the divine; embodied divine imagery.

[auto] Gods are described with human-like actions such as standing behind, following, and burning foes.

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Cosmic Dualismtheology

Ontological opposition between two primal principles (light/darkness, truth/lie, spirit/matter) as the fundamental structure of reality.

[auto] The text contrasts 'lords of right and truth' against 'sins and crime' and the 'foes' of Osiris.

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Funerary Navigationpraxis

Texts and rituals guiding the soul through death.

[auto] The passage is from the Book of the Dead and explicitly details the deceased's journey, invoking gods to grant passage and appoint places in the afterlife.

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Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

[auto] The passage reveals the true identities of the gods ('What then is this?') implying that knowing these names/natures grants access.

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

[auto] The deities are depicted as active agents who destroy faults, appoint places, and follow Osiris.

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Maat Cosmic Ordercosmology

The Egyptian principle of truth, balance, and right order underlying both the cosmos and human conduct; the parallel to Zoroastrian asha and Greek dike.

[auto] The passage explicitly invokes 'lords of right and truth,' which directly corresponds to the Egyptian principle of Maat as cosmic order and truth.

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Prayerpraxis

Direct address to the divine, whether petitionary, contemplative, or liturgical; speech and silence offered upward.

[auto] The passage consists of direct address and petition to the gods ('Homage to you... grant that I may come unto you').

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Psychopomp Journeycosmology

Guided passage of the soul through afterlife realms.

[auto] Anubis is mentioned as appointing places for the souls, acting as a guide through the afterlife realms.

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Ritual Puritypraxis

The maintenance of a state of cleanliness—physical, moral, or spiritual—required for encounter with the divine.

[auto] The speaker requests the destruction of faults and sins within them as a prerequisite for approaching the gods.

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Sacred Namestheology

Divine names or formulas that carry ontological power, used in prayer, liturgy, or magical practice.

[auto] The text relies on identifying and invoking specific divine names (Thoth, Astes, Mestha, etc.) to secure protection and passage.

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Related passages · 6 parallels
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter XLVI
XLVI. The Head of Days and the Son of Man . CHAPTER XLVI. 1. And there I saw One who had a head of days, And His head was white like wool, And with Him was another being whose countenance had the appearance of a man, And his face was full o…”
Both passages describe divine beings who judge and punish the unrighteous. They share a theme of divine justice and the role of specific divine figures in maintaining cosmic order and righteousness.
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter LXII
LXII. Judgement of the Kings and the Mighty: Blessedness of the Righteous . CHAPTER LXII. 1. And thus the Lord commanded the kings and the mighty and the exalted, and those who dwell on the earth, and said: 'Open your eyes and lift up your…”
Both passages describe a divine judgment scene where the righteous are vindicated and the unrighteous are punished. They share themes of divine justice, the exaltation of the righteous, and the downfall of the wicked, though they come from different mystical traditions.
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter LXXXI
LXXXI. The Heavenly Tablets and the Mission of Enoch . CHAPTER LXXXI. 1. And he said unto me: 'Observe, Enoch, these heavenly tablets, And read what is written thereon, And mark every individual fact.' p. 108 2 And I observed the heavenly t…”
Both passages describe a mystical encounter with divine beings who judge the righteousness of individuals. They share themes of divine judgment, the recording of deeds, and the fate of the righteous and the wicked, though they are rooted in different religious traditions.
jewish_mysticism|The Greater Holy Assembly (Idra Rabba Qadisha)|Idra Rabba, Chapter 1 (part 2)
1 12. "For it is written, Deut. xxxiii. 29: 'Blessed art thou, O Israel: who is like unto thee?' Also it is written, Exod. xv. 11: 'Who is like unto thee among the gods, O Tetragrammaton?'" 2 13. He called Rabbi Eleazer, his son, and…”
Both passages discuss the concept of divine beings or forces that judge and purify the soul. They also share a theme of seeking divine favor and protection, with a focus on the role of specific deities or spiritual entities in this process.
mesopotamian|Enuma Elish: The Epic of Creation|1j
Tutu [Marduk] is "He who created them anew"; Should their wants be pure, then are they satisfied; Should he make an incantation, then are the gods appeased; Should they attack him in anger, he withstandeth their onslaught! Let him therefor…”
Both passages describe divine beings who have the power to judge, purify, and protect. They also emphasize the role of these deities in maintaining cosmic order and righteousness, though within different mythological frameworks.
platonism|Plato: Timaeus|Section 1o
To know or tell the origin of the other divinities is beyond us, and we must accept the traditions of the men of old time who affirm themselves to be the offspring of the gods-that is what they say-and they must surely have known their own…”
Both passages discuss the creation and role of divine beings in the context of cosmic order and the afterlife. They share themes of divine hierarchy, the judgment of souls, and the interplay between gods and humans, reflecting a conceptual parallel in their mystical traditions.