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The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani) · 68 of 357 · tr. E.A. Wallis Budge

Chapter 7 (part 3)

xi.) that the Prisse papyrus was copied about the period of the XVIIth dynasty and that the works in it only date from the XIIth dynasty; but many Egyptologists assign the composition of the work to the age of Assa. See Wiedemann, Aegyptische Geschichte , p. 201; Petrie, History of Egypt , p. 81.] Views held in the first six dynasties. 1. an rex-entu xepert arit neter Not known are the things which will do God. 2. am-k ari her em reth xesef neter Thou shalt not cause terror in men and women, [for] is opposed God [thereto]. 3. au am ta xer sexer neter The eating of bread is according to the plan of God. 4. ar seka-nek ter em sexet ta set neter If thou art a farmer, labour (?) in the field which hath given God [to thee]. 5. ar un-nek em sa aqer ari-k sa en smam neter If thou wouldst be like a wise man, make thou [thy] son to be pleasing unto God. 6. sehetep aqu-k em xepert nek xepert en Satisfy those who depend on thee, so far as it may be done by thee; it should be done by hesesu neter those favoured of God. [1. Plate ii., l. 2. 2. Plate iv., line 8. 3. Plate vii., l. 2. 4 Plate vii., l. 5. 5. Plate vii., l. 11. 6. Plate xi., l. 1.] Views held in the first six dynasties. 7. If, having been of no account, thou hast become great, and if, having been poor, thou hast become rich, when thou art governor of the city be not hard-hearted on account of thy advancement, because xeper-nek mer septu neter thou hast become the guardian of the provisions of God. 8. mertu neter pu setem an setem en mesetu neter What is loved of God is obedience; disobedience hateth God. 9. mak sa nefer en tata neter Verily a good son is of the gifts of God. Passing from the Prisse papyrus, our next source of information is the famous papyrus containing the "Maxims of Ani," which are well known through the labours of de Rougé, Maspero, Chabas and Amélineau. We should speak of them, however, more correctly as the Maxims of Khonsu-hetep. The papyrus [1. Plate xiii., l. 8. 2. Plate xvi., l. 7. 3. Plate xix., l. 6. 4. It was found in a box laid upon the floor of the tomb of a Christian monk at Dêr el-Medinet, The text was given by Mariette in Papyrus Égyptiens du Musée de Boulaq, publiés en fac-simile sous les auspices de S.A. Ismaïl-Pacha, Khédive d'Égypte . 5. In the Moniteur, 15 Août, 1861; and in Comptes Rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres , Paris, 1871, pp. 340-50. 6.
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Themes
Apophatic Theologytheology

Describing the divine only by negation—God transcends all positive categories and concepts; the via negativa.

[auto] The text explicitly states 'Not known are the things which will do God,' describing the divine through negation of human knowledge.

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Divine Hiddennesstheology

The supreme God's radical concealment beyond ordinary knowledge or perception; the Hidden Father.

[auto] The passage emphasizes that God's plans and actions are not fully accessible or known to human understanding.

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Divine Providencetheology

Pronoia — the doctrine that the divine actively orders the unfolding of the cosmos and human affairs toward intelligible ends, against pure chance or blind necessity.

The text explicitly states that daily sustenance and social roles are 'according to the plan of God' and that the rich are guardians of God's provisions.

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

[auto] God is portrayed as an active agent who has a plan, gives fields, opposes terror, and can be pleased.

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Love Of Neighbourethics

Active compassionate care for others as a central spiritual obligation or expression of divine love.

[auto] The instructions command the reader not to cause terror in others and to satisfy those who depend on them.

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Maat Cosmic Ordercosmology

The Egyptian principle of truth, balance, and right order underlying both the cosmos and human conduct; the parallel to Zoroastrian asha and Greek dike.

[auto] The passage consists of Egyptian wisdom maxims emphasizing obedience to God's plan, truth, and right conduct, which are the core components of Maat.

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Renunciation Of Wealthethics

The spiritual danger of attachment to material possessions; wealth as a spiritual obstacle.

The text warns against becoming 'hard-hearted on account of thy advancement' when moving from poverty to riches.

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