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The Dhammapada · 2 of 2 · tr. F. Max Müller

Chapter XXI, Section 1b

Beal in his translation of the Dhammapada, Introduction, p. 5. Here a stanza is quoted as having been recited by Buddha, in explanation of a similar startling utterance which he had made to Mahâmati: 'Lust, or carnal desire, this is the Mother, Ignorance, this is the Father, The highest point of knowledge, this is Buddha, All the kle s as, these are the Rahats, The five skandhas, these are the Priests; To commit the five unpardonable sins Is to destroy these five And yet not suffer the pains of hell.' The La n kâvatâra-sûtra was translated into Chinese by Bodhiru k i (508-511); when it was written is doubtful. See also G âtaka, vol. ii. p. 263.] p. 71 296. The disciples of Gotama (Buddha) are always well awake, and their thoughts day and night are always set on Buddha. 297. The disciples of Gotama are always well awake, and their thoughts day and night are always set on the law. 298. The disciples of Gotama are always well awake, and their thoughts day and night are always set on the church. 299. The disciples of Gotama are always well awake, and their thoughts day and night are always set on their body. p. 72 300. The disciples of Gotama are always well awake, and their mind day and night always delights in compassion. 301. The disciples of Gotama are always well awake, and their mind day and night always delights in meditation. 302. It is hard to leave the world (to become a friar), it is hard to enjoy the world; hard is the monastery, painful are the houses; painful it is to dwell with equals (to share everything in common), and the itinerant mendicant is beset with pain. Therefore let no man be an itinerant mendicant and he will not be beset with pain. 303. Whatever place a faithful, virtuous, celebrated, and wealthy man chooses, there he is respected. 304. Good people shine from afar, like the snowy [302. This verse is difficult, and I give my translation as tentative only. Childers (Notes, p. 11) does not remove the difficulties, and I have been chiefly guided by the interpretation put on the verse by the Chinese translator; Beal, Dhammapada, p. 137.] p. 73 mountains; bad people are not seen, like arrows shot by night. 305. He alone who, without ceasing, practises the duty of sitting alone and sleeping alone, he, subduing himself, will rejoice in the destruction of all desires alone, as if living in a forest. [305. I have translated this verse so as to bring it into something like harmony with the preceding verses. Vanânte, according to a pun pointed out before ( v. 283 ), means both 'in the end of a forest,' and 'in the end of desires.']
Themes
Detachment Gelassenheitpraxis

Eckhart's Abgeschiedenheit/Gelassenheit — radical letting-go of will, image, and grasping that opens the soul to God; distinct from inner_silence (quietness) and from material renunciation, and adjacent to Sufi tark and Buddhist non-grasping as a practice rather than a metaphysical claim.

Verse 305 describes the destruction of all desires as a state of liberation achieved through renunciation.

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Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

Verse 295 explicitly identifies 'the highest point of knowledge' as Buddha, prioritizing direct experiential understanding over ritual.

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Good Thought Word Deedethics

The Zoroastrian triad of right thought, right speech, and right action as the foundation of ethical life; truth-in-living.

Verses 296-301 emphasize the triad of thought, speech, and action (law, compassion, meditation) as central to discipleship.

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Kingdom Withinanthropology

The claim that the divine realm is present inside the individual, accessible without external mediation.

Verse 305 states that one rejoices in the destruction of all desires alone, implying the divine realm is internal rather than external.

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Love Of Neighbourethics

Active compassionate care for others as a central spiritual obligation or expression of divine love.

Verse 300 explicitly states that the mind delights in compassion, which is an active expression of caring for others.

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Meditationpraxis

Disciplined inward attention — sitting, focused, or open-awareness practice — as a stand-alone term that umbrellas active_contemplation, inner_silence, and dhyana-style sitting.

Verse 301 identifies meditation as a core practice that delights the mind day and night.

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Paradox As Teachingethics

Using apparent contradiction, reversal, or riddle to destabilise ordinary understanding and induce insight.

Verse 302 presents the difficulty of renunciation ('hard to leave the world') as a teaching point.

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Poverty Of Spiritanthropology

Eckhart's radical reading of Matthew 5:3 — the saint as one who wants nothing, knows nothing, and has nothing, having emptied even the will and the self with which to receive God; distinct from renunciation_of_wealth (material poverty).

Verse 302 describes the itinerant mendicant's state of pain and renunciation of worldly possessions as a path to freedom.

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Renunciation Of Wealthethics

The spiritual danger of attachment to material possessions; wealth as a spiritual obstacle.

Verse 302 explicitly states that it is hard to enjoy the world and painful to dwell with equals, emphasizing detachment from material wealth.

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Return To Sourcesoteriology

The soul's journey back to its divine origin, reversing the fall into matter through stages of purification or illumination.

Verse 305 describes living in a forest as a symbol of returning to the end of desires and the divine origin.

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Self Knowledgesoteriology

The recognition of one's own true divine nature as the primary path to liberation; 'know thyself' as soteriology.

The focus on being well awake and setting thoughts on Buddha implies an inward recognition of one's true nature.

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Spiritual Ascentpraxis

A staged journey of the soul upward through heavenly realms or levels of being toward the divine source.

Verse 305 describes the destruction of desires as a state of liberation achieved through renunciation.

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Sunyata Emptinesssoteriology

The Buddhist doctrine that all phenomena lack independent self-nature; emptiness as the positive recognition that things arise only in dependence on conditions — distinct from kenoma's mere deficiency.

Verse 305 mentions the destruction of all desires alone, aligning with the Buddhist concept of emptiness regarding attachment.

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