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Tertium Organum (P.D. Ouspensky) · 174 of 225 · tr. Nicholas Bessaraboff and Claude Bragdon

Chapter XXII (part 2)

What do we know of the Jews at the time of Moses, except the traditions preserved in the Laws and the Prophets? It is the prophets, the poets, the lawgivers and teachers, however small their number, who speak in the name of the people, and who alone stand out to represent the nondescript multitude behind them, to speak their thoughts and to express their sentiments. Real Indian philosophy, even in that embryonic form in which we find it in the Upanishads , stands completely by itself. And if we ask what was the highest purpose of the teachings of the Upanishads we can state it in three words, as it has been stated by the greatest Vedânta 1 teachers themselves, namely Tat twam asi . This means Thou art That . That stands for that which is known to us under different names in different systems of ancient and modern philosophy. It is Zeus or the Eis Theos or To On in Greece; it is what Plato meant by the Eternal Idea , what Agnostics call the p. 272 [paragraph continues] Unknowable , what I call the Infinite in Nature . This is what in India is called Brahman , the being behind all beings, the power that emits the universe, sustains it and draws it back again to itself. The Thou is what I called the Infinite in man , the Soul, the Self, the being behind every human Ego, free from all bodily fetters, free from passions, free from all attachments ( Atman ). The expression: Thou art That —means: thy soul is the Brahman; or in other words, the subject and the object of all being and of all knowing are one and the same. This is the gist of what I call Psychological Religion or Theosophy , the highest summit of thought which the human mind has reached, which has found different expressions in different religions and philosophies, but nowhere such a clear and powerful realization as in the ancient Upanishads of India. ______ For as long as the individual soul does not free itself from Nescience, or a belief in duality, it takes something else for itself. True knowledge of the Self or true self-knowledge, expresses itself in the words, " Thou art That " or " I am Brahman ," the nature of Brahman being unchangeable eternal cognition. Until that stage has been reached, the individual soul is fettered by the body, by the organs of sense, nay even by the mind and its various functions. The Soul (The Self) says the Vedânta philosopher, cannot be different from the Brahman , because Brahman comprehends all reality and nothing that really is can therefore be different from Brahman . Secondly, the individual self cannot be conceived as a modification of Brahman , because Brahman by itself cannot be changed, whether by itself, because it is one and perfect in itself, or by anything outside of it (because there exists nothing outside of it). Here we see [says Müller], the Vedântist moving on exactly the same stratum of thought in which Eleatic philosophers moved in Greece. "If there is one Infinite," they said, "there cannot be another, for the other would limit the one, and thus render it finite, so, as applied to God, the Eleatics argued: "If God is to be the mightiest and the best, he must be one, for if there were two or more, he would not be the mightiest and best." The Eleatics continued their monistic argument by showing that this One Infinite Being cannot be divided, so that anything could be called a portion of it, because there is no power that could separate anything from it. Nay, it cannot even have parts, for, as it has no beginning and no end, it can have no parts, for a part has a beginning and an end.
Themes
Divine Sparkscosmology

Fragments of divine light or spirit trapped inside material bodies, awaiting liberation and return to their source.

The passage describes the 'Infinite in man' or Soul as the being behind every human Ego, implying a divine fragment within.

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Emanation Hierarchycosmology

A chain of divine beings or principles flowing downward from a single transcendent source (the One or the Father), each level less perfect than the one above.

The text mentions Brahman as the power that emits the universe, suggesting a flow from source to creation.

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Infinite Cosmoscosmology

The doctrine of the universe as boundless and without center or circumference, populated by innumerable worlds — Bruno's rejection of the closed Aristotelian sphere; the divine and the cosmos as ontologically infinite.

The text refers to the 'Infinite in Nature' and the 'One Infinite Being' as the fundamental reality.

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Inner Lightanthropology

The divine spark or luminous quality residing within the human person, potentially recognisable through introspection.

The 'Infinite in man' is described as the Soul or Self behind the human Ego.

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

Brahman is described as a power that emits, sustains, and draws back the universe.

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Paradox As Teachingethics

Using apparent contradiction, reversal, or riddle to destabilise ordinary understanding and induce insight.

The statement 'Thou art That' presents the paradoxical identity of the individual with the universal.

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Sacred Namestheology

Divine names or formulas that carry ontological power, used in prayer, liturgy, or magical practice.

Formulas like 'Tat twam asi' and 'I am Brahman' are presented as expressions of true knowledge.

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Tripartite Soulanthropology

Division of the human being into three principles: spirit (pneuma), soul (psyche), and body/matter (hyle or soma).

The Soul is distinguished from the body, organs of sense, and mind, suggesting a layered human constitution.

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Apophatic Theologytheology

Describing the divine only by negation—God transcends all positive categories and concepts; the via negativa.

[auto] Brahman is described as the Unknowable, without parts, beginning, or end, transcending positive categories.

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Body As Obstacleanthropology

The material body viewed as a prison, tomb, or source of error that hinders spiritual knowledge and return.

[auto] The individual soul is described as fettered by the body, organs of sense, and mind until true knowledge is reached.

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Divine Hiddennesstheology

The supreme God's radical concealment beyond ordinary knowledge or perception; the Hidden Father.

[auto] The divine is referred to as the 'Unknowable' and the being behind all beings, concealed from ordinary perception.

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Divine Simplicitytheology

The doctrine that God has no parts, divisions, or composite attributes; pure undivided being.

[auto] The Eleatic argument cited emphasizes that the One Infinite Being cannot be divided or have parts.

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Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

[auto] The passage identifies 'True knowledge of the Self' as the means to liberation from Nescience and duality.

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Kingdom Withinanthropology

The claim that the divine realm is present inside the individual, accessible without external mediation.

[auto] The realization that 'Thou art That' places the divine reality within the individual self.

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Monadcosmology

The absolutely simple, undivided first principle from which all multiplicity and existence flows.

[auto] The text explicitly compares Vedanta to Eleatic philosophy regarding the 'One Infinite Being' that cannot be divided.

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Mystical Unionsoteriology

The merging of the individual soul or self with the divine, transcending personal identity.

[auto] The core message 'Thou art That' asserts the identity of the individual soul with the universal Brahman.

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Opposites Transcendedanthropology

The dissolution of binary oppositions (male/female, inner/outer, above/below) as a mark of spiritual completion.

[auto] Liberation is defined as freeing oneself from the belief in duality and realizing oneness.

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Return To Sourcesoteriology

The soul's journey back to its divine origin, reversing the fall into matter through stages of purification or illumination.

[auto] The text describes the soul's journey to free itself and be drawn back to Brahman, its origin.

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Self Knowledgesoteriology

The recognition of one's own true divine nature as the primary path to liberation; 'know thyself' as soteriology.

[auto] The text explicitly states that true self-knowledge expresses itself in the realization of identity with Brahman.

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Unity Of Beingtheology

The doctrine that all existence is ultimately one substance or one divine reality; non-duality as a theological claim.

[auto] The passage asserts that the subject and object of all being are one and the same, with nothing different from Brahman.

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Related passages · 5 parallels
christian_mysticism|Pseudo-Dionysius: The Divine Names|Chapter 3, Section 1a
CHAPTER III What is the power of Prayer? Also concerning the Blessed Hierotheus and concerning Reverence and the Writing of Divinity. 1. And first of all, if it like thee, let us consider the highest Name, even “Goodness,” by which all t…”
Both passages explore the concept of the divine and the relationship between the individual soul and the ultimate reality. Passage A discusses the Vedantic concept of 'Tat twam asi' (Thou art That), emphasizing the unity of the soul and Brahman, while Passage B describes the Christian mystical tradition of seeking union with God through prayer, highlighting the idea that the true self is found in God.
neoplatonism|Iamblichus: On the Mysteries|Chapter I
Hermes, the God who presides over language, was formerly very properly considered as common to all priests; and the power who presides over the true science concerning the Gods 18 is one and the same in the whole of things. Hence our ancest…”
Both passages discuss the nature of divine knowledge and the unity of being. Iamblichus emphasizes the role of divine wisdom and the unity of theological understanding, while the second passage explores the concept of the soul's unity with the divine (Brahman) in Vedantic philosophy. Both texts highlight the importance of understanding the ultimate reality through divine or mystical insight.
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 163
Section 7 7. That this world has neither beginning nor end but exists for ever as long as the Supreme stands is certainly no novel teaching. And before this school rose it had been urged that commerce with the body is no gain to a Soul. But…”
Both passages discuss the concept of the ultimate reality or divine principle, comparing it across different philosophical and religious traditions. Passage A focuses on the Vedantic concept of 'Tat twam asi' (Thou art That) and its parallels in Greek philosophy, while Passage B discusses the interpretation of Plato's philosophy and its influence on other schools of thought. Both explore the unity and nature of the divine and the soul's relationship to it.
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 256
Section 4 4. We must, however, avoid thinking of it as an accidental from outside grafted upon that Nature: it is native to it, integral to it. It is discerned as present essentially in that Nature like everything else that we can predicate…”
Both passages explore the concept of the ultimate reality or divine substance, discussing its nature and relationship to the individual soul or essence. Passage A focuses on the Vedantic concept of 'Tat twam asi' (Thou art That), while Passage B discusses the nature of Eternity and the Intellectual Substance, but both delve into the unity and indivisibility of the ultimate reality.
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 333
Section 13 13. But what is the difference between the Wisdom thus conducting the universe and the principle known as Nature? This Wisdom is a first [within the All-Soul] while Nature is a last: for Nature is an image of that Wisdom, and, as…”
Both passages discuss the relationship between higher principles (Intellectual-Principle, Brahman) and lower manifestations (Nature, Atman). They explore the idea of a transcendent reality that underlies and sustains the material world, emphasizing the unity and interconnectedness of all being.