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Iamblichus: On the Mysteries · 85 of 218 · tr. Thomas Taylor

Chapter IV

What then shall we say concerning the next inquiry to this, viz. “ why the powers who are invoked think it requisite that he who worships them should be just, but they when called upon to act unjustly do not refuse so to act ?” To this I reply, that I am dubious with respect to what you call acting justly, and am of opinion that what appears to us to be an accurate definition of justice does not also appear to be so to the Gods. For we, looking to that which is most brief, direct our attention to things present, and to this momentary life, and the manner in which it subsists. But the powers that are 210 superior to us know the whole life of the soul, and all its former lives; and, in consequence of this, if they inflict a certain punishment from the prayer of those that invoke them, they do not inflict it without justice, but looking to the offences committed by souls in former lives; which men not perceiving think that they unjustly fall into the calamities which they suffer.
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Themes
Anthropomorphismtheology

Attributing human characteristics, emotions, or form to the divine; embodied divine imagery.

The passage describes gods who 'think it requisite' and 'invoke', attributing human-like reasoning and action to the divine powers.

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Body As Obstacleanthropology

The material body viewed as a prison, tomb, or source of error that hinders spiritual knowledge and return.

The text contrasts human perception of present life with the gods' knowledge of the soul's entire history, implying the material focus limits understanding.

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Cosmic Dualismtheology

Ontological opposition between two primal principles (light/darkness, truth/lie, spirit/matter) as the fundamental structure of reality.

The passage establishes a fundamental distinction between human perception of justice and divine knowledge of past lives.

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Divine Hiddennesstheology

The supreme God's radical concealment beyond ordinary knowledge or perception; the Hidden Father.

The gods are described as superior beings whose true nature and judgment are inaccessible to human perception.

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Divine Providencetheology

Pronoia — the doctrine that the divine actively orders the unfolding of the cosmos and human affairs toward intelligible ends, against pure chance or blind necessity.

The passage asserts that the powers actively know the whole life of the soul and inflict punishment based on past offences rather than random chance.

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Eschatological Judgmentsoteriology

Final, collective cosmic judgment as an event in which the wicked are sentenced and the cosmos restored; distinct from psychopomp_journey (individual passage at death) and emphasising verdict where Zoroastrian frashokereti emphasises restoration.

The text discusses divine punishment for offences committed by souls in former lives, implying a final judgment based on accumulated transgressions.

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Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

The passage emphasizes that the gods know the whole life of the soul and all its former lives, contrasting this divine knowledge with human ignorance.

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Hidden Sayingssoteriology

Esoteric teachings reserved for those ready to receive them; outer meaning conceals an inner liberating truth.

The text notes that what appears just to humans does not appear so to the Gods, implying an esoteric truth concealed from ordinary perception.

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

The gods are portrayed as active powers who respond to prayer and inflict punishment based on past offences rather than being abstract principles.

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Prayerpraxis

Direct address to the divine, whether petitionary, contemplative, or liturgical; speech and silence offered upward.

The passage explicitly discusses the invocation of powers by those who worship them and their response to prayer regarding justice and punishment.

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Ritual Puritypraxis

The maintenance of a state of cleanliness—physical, moral, or spiritual—required for encounter with the divine.

The requirement for the worshipper to be just is mentioned as a prerequisite for invoking the powers.

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Sacred Namestheology

Divine names or formulas that carry ontological power, used in prayer, liturgy, or magical practice.

The invocation of powers implies the use of specific divine names or formulas to engage them in ritual practice.

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Soul Migrationcosmology

The transmigration of the soul across lives.

The passage explicitly states that the gods know 'all its former lives' and punish based on offences committed by souls in those past existences.

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Theurgypraxis

Iamblichean ritual practice that engages the gods directly through consecrated material symbols and actions, on the premise that divine power descends into properly prepared matter — distinct from philosophical contemplation alone.

The context of invoking powers for worship and seeking justice aligns with theurgical practice that engages divine forces through ritual invocation.

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