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Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, Book II · 44 of 55 · tr. Charles Johnston

Sutra 44

Through spiritual reading, the disciple gains communion with the divine Power on which his heart is set. Spiritual reading meant, for ancient India, something more than it does with us. It meant, first, the recital of sacred texts, which, in their very sounds, had mystical potencies; and it meant a recital of texts which were divinely emanated, and held in themselves the living, potent essence of the divine. For us, spiritual reading means a communing with the recorded teachings of the Masters of wisdom, whereby we read ourselves into the Master's mind, just as through his music one can enter into the mind and soul of the master musician. It has been well said that all true art is contagion of feeling; so that through the true reading of true books we do indeed read ourselves into the spirit of the Masters, share in the atmosphere of their wisdom and power, and come at last into their very presence.
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Themes
Active Contemplationpraxis

A form of meditation that uses imagery, imagination, or symbolic thought rather than purely empty stillness.

The passage describes reading as a practice that actively engages the mind to enter the spirit of the Masters.

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Emotional Epistemologysoteriology

The doctrine that emotions constitute a valid and necessary mode of knowing reality, complementing or surpassing intellectual cognition.

The passage states 'all true art is contagion of feeling' and that through reading one shares 'in the atmosphere of their wisdom and power,' positioning feeling as the primary medium through which spiritual knowledge is transmitted and received.

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Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

The passage describes the goal as 'communion with the divine Power' and coming 'into their very presence,' which is direct experiential contact with the divine rather than mere intellectual study.

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Logoscosmology

The divine reason, word, or ordering principle through which the universe was created; mediates between the transcendent God and the material world.

The passage presents sacred texts as 'divinely emanated' and holding 'the living, potent essence of the divine,' framing the word/text as a mediating carrier of divine presence between the transcendent source and the human reader.

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Mystical Unionsoteriology

The merging of the individual soul or self with the divine, transcending personal identity.

The passage describes the reader 'read[ing] ourselves into the Master's mind' and coming 'into their very presence,' which is a merging or communion with the divine other that transcends the reader's separate identity.

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Oral Traditionsoteriology

Sacred knowledge transmitted as living speech rather than fixed writing — scripture carried in memory, song, and telling, renewed in each generation; the unwritten canon of a tradition.

The passage explicitly describes spiritual reading in ancient India as 'the recital of sacred texts, which, in their very sounds, had mystical potencies,' emphasizing the spoken, living dimension of sacred knowledge over fixed writing.

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Sacred Namestheology

Divine names or formulas that carry ontological power, used in prayer, liturgy, or magical practice.

Sacred texts are described as divinely emanated and holding the living essence of the divine.

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Word Power Incantationpraxis

The doctrine and practice that spoken or sung word carries causal-magical force — that uttering names, formulas, songs, or incantations alters reality directly rather than merely communicating about it. Vainamoinen's runo-songs that move mountains and command iron, Norse galdr, Vedic mantra, Shinto kotodama, the magician's barbarous names in the Greek Magical Papyri, Iamblichean arcane signatures and inexplicable symbols, biblical creation-by-word. Distinct from sacred_names (the ontological power of names themselves) and prayer (address to the divine); word_power_incantation is the magical-causal efficacy of the spoken word as such.

The passage attributes 'mystical potencies' to the very sounds of recited sacred texts, implying that the spoken word itself carries causal-spiritual force rather than merely communicating content.

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Related passages · 10 parallels
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