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The Egyptian Heaven and Hell · 94 of 96 · tr. E.A. Wallis Budge

Chapter 30 (part 1)

TWELFTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT. II. EASTERN VESTIBULE OF THE TUAT ACCORDING TO THE BOOK OF GATES. The last section of the BOOK OF GATES contains representations of the Gate TESERT-BAIU, with its two doors (vol. ii., pp. 302, 303), which lead into that portion of the sky wherein the sun rises, and of the stablishing of the Sun-god in his Boat in the sky. This Gate has no company of gods in mummied forms to guard it, and in p. 196 front of it are two standards, or sceptres, each of which is surrounded by a human head; above that on the left is the Beetle of KHEPERA, and over the other is the Disk of TEMU. In other words, the Gate is guarded by symbols of the rising and the setting sun. The corridor between the walls is swept by flames as before, and a warder in mummied form guards each end of it; the one, PAI or BAI, represents the dawn, and the other, AKHEKHI, the evening. Within the Gate are two doors, one guarded by the monster serpent SEBI, and the other by the monster serpent RERI. At the threshold is the uraeus of NEPHTHYS, and by the lintel is the uraeus of Isis, for these goddesses guard this "Secret Gate." The god AFU-RA. having, as we have seen, transformed himself into KHEPERA, and, by the help of the god whose operations have been described, provided himself with a new face, or disk, and new light and fire, passes through the Gate TESERT-BAIU, which marks the end of the TUAT, into the Vestibule of the world of light. We no longer see him in the form of a ram-headed man, standing under the folds of the serpent MEHEN, but he appears as KHEPERA, i.e., as his Beetle, with the disk in front of him. From the scene which ends the BOOK OF GATES we learn that so soon as the god passes through the Gate of TESERT-BAIU he enters the waters of Nu, the god of the primeval watery abyss of the sky. The ministers of KHEPERA now appear with the MATET-SEKTET BOAT p. 197 which they have in readiness, and the god takes his place in it, with the gods who are to guide and propel it. Nu then lifts the Boat up above his head, and the goddess NUT receives the Disk of the sun in her hands. It will be noted that she stands on the head of a god whose body is bent in such a way that it forms a circle: the explanatory text shows that the god is Osiris, and that his body is the Tuat. Thus we see that the "womb of Nut," from which the Sun-god is said to be born, lies quite close to the eastern end of the Tuat, and that it forms by itself the Vestibule which leads into the world of light. Close to the high prow of the Boat we see (vol. ii., p. 303) the sun's disk passing through a gap in the mountain which divides the Eastern Vestibule of the Tuat from the sky of this world; this disk is the same which we have seen NUT receive from the Beetle of KHEPERA and whilst it is traversing the gap dawn is taking place on the earth.
Themes
Alchemical Workpraxis

The transformation of base substance — outer matter or the inner soul — into a purified, perfected, or 'gold' state; the magnum opus as both laboratory practice and spiritual allegory.

The transformation of the dead Sun-god into the living Khepera mirrors alchemical processes of purification and rebirth.

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Correspondencecosmology

The Hermetic axiom that the structure of the cosmos is reflected at every scale — 'as above, so below; as within, so without' — making each level a legible map of the others.

The passage explicitly links the celestial sun disk to the earthly sacred beetle rolling eggs as a type of the same principle.

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Cosmic Dualismtheology

Ontological opposition between two primal principles (light/darkness, truth/lie, spirit/matter) as the fundamental structure of reality.

The passage contrasts the 'uttermost limit of thick darkness' with the 'world of light' as distinct realms.

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Divine Hiddennesstheology

The supreme God's radical concealment beyond ordinary knowledge or perception; the Hidden Father.

The god is concealed within the 'thick darkness' of the Tuat before emerging into the visible world.

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Maat Cosmic Ordercosmology

The Egyptian principle of truth, balance, and right order underlying both the cosmos and human conduct; the parallel to Zoroastrian asha and Greek dike.

The Hour-goddess is named Maat-Nefer-Ra, and the journey restores the order of light after darkness.

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Numerical Mysticismtheology

Numbers, proportions, and mathematical relationships as the underlying structure of divine reality.

The structure is defined by numbers, specifically the 'Twelfth Division' and 'Twelve amakhiu'.

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Sacred Namestheology

Divine names or formulas that carry ontological power, used in prayer, liturgy, or magical practice.

The text notes that while upon earth, it is forbidden for the servants to utter the name of the god.

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Theosis Deificationsoteriology

The doctrine — central to Eastern Orthodox and Maximian theology — that the human person is progressively transformed into a partaker of the divine nature by grace, not merely justified or united in passing ecstasy.

The twelve amakhiu servants are transformed during their passage and emerge as 'rejuvenated forms of RA'.

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Anthropomorphismtheology

Attributing human characteristics, emotions, or form to the divine; embodied divine imagery.

[auto] A god is explicitly described with the head of a crocodile, representing embodied divine imagery.

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Divine Lighttheology

The uncreated luminous quality of the divine, sometimes experienced directly in mystical states; illumination as revelation.

[auto] The passage centers on the Sun-god emerging from darkness into the 'world of light' and being seen as a disk of light.

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Funerary Navigationpraxis

Texts and rituals guiding the soul through death.

[auto] The passage explicitly describes the Book of Gates and the journey through Tuats, which are texts and rituals guiding the soul through death.

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

[auto] Deities are described as active agents who sing hymns, praise, vanquish enemies, and undergo transformation.

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Psychopomp Journeycosmology

Guided passage of the soul through afterlife realms.

[auto] The Boat travels through specific divisions of the Tuat, representing a guided passage of the divine or soul through afterlife realms.

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Spiritual Ascentpraxis

A staged journey of the soul upward through heavenly realms or levels of being toward the divine source.

[auto] The god transforms and moves from the Fourth Tuat to appear in the sky, indicating a staged upward journey through realms.

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Related passages · 9 parallels
greek_mystery|Orphic Hymns|Hymn V. PROTOGONUS, Or the FIRST-BORN (part 2)
For Phanes is not only among the intelligible Gods, but also among the intellectual ones; in the demiurgic order, and among the super-mundane and mundane Gods. And Night and Heaven in a similar manner: for the peculiarities of these are re…”
Both passages describe a divine being associated with creation and the cosmos. Passage A discusses the transformation of AFU-RA into KHEPERA-RA, a solar deity, while Passage B describes Phanes, the first-born god who is the source of all things. Both texts emphasize the divine's role in the order and generation of the universe.
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter XLI
CHAPTER XLI. 1. And after that I saw all the secrets of the heavens, and how the kingdom is divided, and how the actions of men are weighed in the balance. 2. And there I saw the mansions of the elect and the mansions of the holy, and mine…”
Both passages describe mystical journeys and the structure of the cosmos, including the movement of celestial bodies and divine beings. They share themes of divine order and the transition from darkness to light, though they come from different religious traditions.
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter LXXII (part 1)
THE BOOK OF THE COURSES OF THE HEAVENLY LUMINARIES (LXXII-LXXXII.) LXXII. The Sun . CHAPTER LXXII. 1. The book of the courses of the luminaries of the heaven, the relations of each, according to their classes, their dominion and their s…”
Both passages describe the journey of the sun through various gates or portals, marking the transition from night to day and the cyclical nature of the sun's movement. They share a common theme of the sun's daily rebirth and its passage through celestial regions, reflecting a mystical understanding of the solar cycle.
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter LXXII (part 2)
On that day the day decreases by †two† parts, and amounts to ten parts and the night to eight parts. 19. And the sun goes forth from that fifth portal and sets in the fifth portal of the west, and rises in the fourth portal for one-and-th…”
Both passages describe the movement and cycles of the sun, detailing its rising and setting patterns and the associated changes in day and night lengths. They share a mystical perspective on celestial phenomena, though they come from different traditions.
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter LXXVI
LXXVI. The Twelve Windows and their Portals . CHAPTER LXXVI. 1 And at the ends of the earth I saw twelve portals open to all the quarters (of the heaven), from which the winds go forth and blow over the earth. 2. Three of them are open on t…”
Both passages describe mystical gates or portals that mark transitions between different realms or states of existence. They share a common theme of celestial navigation and the passage of divine entities through these gates, though they originate from different cultural and religious traditions.
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter LXXIX
LXXIX-LXXX. 1. Recapitulation of several of the Laws . CHAPTER LXXIX. 1. And now, my son, I have shown thee everything, and the law of all the stars of the heaven is completed. 2. And he showed me all the laws of these for every day, and fo…”
Both passages describe celestial phenomena and the movement of celestial bodies, particularly focusing on the sun and its cycles. They share a mystical and symbolic approach to understanding the cosmos, though they come from different religious traditions.
mesopotamian|Enuma Elish: The Epic of Creation|1l
[The rest of the Obverse and the upper part of the Reverse of the tablet are wanting.] REVERSE ................ And opened his mouth and spake unto the god... " Stir up cloud, and storm and tempest! The seal of thy life shalt thou set be…”
Both passages describe a cosmic battle involving a dragon or serpent and the establishment of order or light. In Passage A, the god Marduk slays the dragon Tiamat, while in Passage B, the Sun-god Ra overcomes serpentine guardians to emerge into the world of light.
norse|The Poetic Edda: Voluspo|Section 1k
Nastrond ("Corpse-Strand"): the land of the dead, ruled by the goddess Hel. Here the wicked undergo tortures. Smoke vent : the phrase gives a picture of the Icelandic house, with its opening in the roof serving instead of a chimney. 39.…”
Both passages describe mythological concepts of the afterlife and the end times, featuring cosmic struggles and symbolic elements. Passage A from the Poetic Edda details the torments of the wicked and the final struggle involving mythical creatures, while Passage B from the Book of Gates describes the journey of the Sun-god through the underworld and his emergence into the world of light. Both share themes of cosmic order, divine intervention, and the transition between realms.
norse|The Poetic Edda: Voluspo|Section 1p
More fair than the sun, | a hall I see, Roofed with gold, | on Gimle it stands; There shall the righteous | rulers dwell, And happiness ever | there shall they have. 65. There comes on high, | all power to hold, A mighty lord, | all lands…”
Both passages describe a transition to a new, divine realm or state of being. Passage A from the Poetic Edda describes a golden hall where the righteous will dwell in happiness, while Passage B from the Egyptian Book of Gates describes the sun god's passage into the world of light. Both involve a transformation or ascension to a higher, more radiant existence.