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The Egyptian Heaven and Hell · 65 of 96 · tr. E.A. Wallis Budge

Chapter 16 (part 1)

FIFTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT. II. THE KINGDOM OF KHENTI-AMENTI-OSIRIS ACCORDING TO THE BOOK OF GATES. The FIFTH, like the FOURTH DIVISION of the BOOK OF GATES, in no way resembles that in the BOOK AM-TUAT, and it has nothing whatsoever to do with the kingdom of SEKER. The god AFU-RA, having passed through the Gate of the DIVISION or HOUR, which is called ARIT, and which has been opened by the monster serpent TEKA-HRA that guarded it, is towed along by four of the gods of this section of the p. 144 [paragraph continues] Tuat. The ministers of the god consist of nine gods whose hands and arms are covered, and twelve gods who are under the direction of HERI-QENBET-F; the nine gods are called KHERU-ENNUTCHI, i.e., "those who hold the serpent ENNUTCHI," and the twelve gods BAIU RETH AMMIU TUAT, i.e., the "souls of men who dwell in the Tuat" (vol. ii., pp. 144, 145). The exact functions of Ennutchi are not known, but his presence is baleful, and AFU-RA straightway calls upon the group of gods to destroy him; the god would press on to the next Gate, NEBT-AHAU, but ENNUTCHI can travel to that point, and he must therefore be removed. The next group of gods is of peculiar interest, for they represent the souls of those who have spoken "what is right and true upon earth, and who have magnified the forms of the god RA." In return for such moral rectitude and piety, AFU-RA orders HERI-QENBET-F to invite them to "sit at peace in their habitations in the corner of those who are with myself," where praises shall be sung to their souls, and where they shall have air in abundance to breathe; they shall, moreover, have joints of meat to eat in SEKHET-AARU. Besides this, offerings shall be made to them upon earth, even as they are to the god HETEPI, the lord of SEKHET-HETEPET (vol. ii., pp. 145, 146). Now from these statements some very interesting deductions may be made. In the first place, it is now certain that there was a place specially set apart for the souls of men in the Tuat, and that those who were allowed to enter it p. 145 had lived a life of moral rectitude, and had followed after righteousness and integrity when they were upon earth. Secondly, they were allowed to live in the corner of the SEKHET-HETEPET with the great god himself, in the place where, as we know from the Papyrus of Ani (see above, p. 44 ), most wonderful grain grew. Thirdly, an everlasting supply of offerings made upon earth was assured them, and in this respect they were coequal with HETEPI, the chief god of the Field of Peace (or, Field of Offerings). Thus the religion of Osiris undoubtedly taught that those who were good on this earth were rewarded in the next world. On the right of AFU-RA are the twelve gods called HENIU-AMMIU-TUAT, i.e., "those who sing praises in the Tuat," and the twelve gods called KHERU-ENNUHU-EM-UAT, i.e., "those who hold the cord in the Tuat," and the four HENBIU gods (vol. ii., pp. 148-150).
Themes
Cosmic Dualismtheology

Ontological opposition between two primal principles (light/darkness, truth/lie, spirit/matter) as the fundamental structure of reality.

A clear opposition exists between the blessed spirits and the damned dead, as well as the god and his enemies.

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Eschatological Judgmentsoteriology

Final, collective cosmic judgment as an event in which the wicked are sentenced and the cosmos restored; distinct from psychopomp_journey (individual passage at death) and emphasising verdict where Zoroastrian frashokereti emphasises restoration.

The passage distinguishes between the blessed and the damned, describing fiery pits where enemies of the god are consumed.

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Prayerpraxis

Direct address to the divine, whether petitionary, contemplative, or liturgical; speech and silence offered upward.

The text describes Horus calling upon another deity to avenge him and destroy enemies.

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Ritual Firepraxis

Fire as medium of divine presence.

Fire is central as a medium of divine presence (Flame-goddess NESERT) and punishment (fiery pits for enemies).

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Sacred Namestheology

Divine names or formulas that carry ontological power, used in prayer, liturgy, or magical practice.

Divine names like Osiris and Khenti-Amenti are invoked with power to establish dominion and identity.

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Theurgypraxis

Iamblichean ritual practice that engages the gods directly through consecrated material symbols and actions, on the premise that divine power descends into properly prepared matter — distinct from philosophical contemplation alone.

The text emphasizes magical ceremonies, spells, incantations, and words of power used to effect divine status and governance.

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Anthropomorphismtheology

Attributing human characteristics, emotions, or form to the divine; embodied divine imagery.

[auto] Deities are depicted with human forms, standing in groups, and performing physical actions like towing a boat.

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Funerary Navigationpraxis

Texts and rituals guiding the soul through death.

[auto] The passage explicitly describes the Book of Gates and the journey through the Tuat, which are foundational texts for guiding the soul through death.

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Living Godtheology

The divine conceived as active, present, and dynamic—not an abstract principle but a personal responsive reality.

[auto] The gods are portrayed as active agents who tow boats, guard gates, and spawn serpents.

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Numerical Mysticismtheology

Numbers, proportions, and mathematical relationships as the underlying structure of divine reality.

[auto] Specific numbers such as nine sepulchres and twelve Hour-goddesses are used to structure the cosmological division.

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Psychopomp Journeycosmology

Guided passage of the soul through afterlife realms.

[auto] Gods are described towing the boat and being adjured to guide AFU-RA through the underworld divisions.

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Return To Sourcesoteriology

The soul's journey back to its divine origin, reversing the fall into matter through stages of purification or illumination.

[auto] AFU-RA seeks to visit the eastern part of heaven, implying a journey back to the source of light and divinity.

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Spiritual Ascentpraxis

A staged journey of the soul upward through heavenly realms or levels of being toward the divine source.

[auto] The narrative depicts a movement from the Tuat toward the eastern part of heaven, representing an upward journey.

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Related passages · 3 parallels
greek_mystery|Orphic Hymns|Hymn X (part 2)
For the World is one, and only-begotten. Opusc. Mythol. p. 203. 131:17 Ver. 17] The sportive nymphs . This is because Pan rejoices in the exhalations produced from humid substances; without which the world cannot subsist. Phurnutus…”
Both passages describe a divine being that governs and unifies the cosmos. In Passage A, AFU-RA is depicted as a god who guides the souls through the afterlife and maintains cosmic order, while in Passage B, Pan is described as the 'substance of the whole' and the 'world's great ruler,' embodying the universe and its various parts. Both texts emphasize the divine being's role in maintaining and guiding the natural and supernatural worlds.
jewish_mysticism|The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch, Charles translation)|Chapter LX (part 1)
LX. Book of Noah--a Fragment . p. 76 Quaking of Heaven: Behemoth and Leviathan: the Elements . CHAPTER LX. 1. In the year five hundred, in the seventh month, on the fourteenth day of the month in the life of †Enoch†. In that Parable…”
Both passages describe a journey through a mystical realm (Tuat in Passage A and the heavenly vision in Passage B) and emphasize moral rectitude and divine judgment. They share themes of divine order, rewards for the righteous, and the presence of malevolent forces.
mesopotamian|Enuma Elish: The Epic of Creation|1j
Tutu [Marduk] is "He who created them anew"; Should their wants be pure, then are they satisfied; Should he make an incantation, then are the gods appeased; Should they attack him in anger, he withstandeth their onslaught! Let him therefor…”
Both passages describe a divine being who rewards the righteous and punishes the wicked, emphasizing moral rectitude and divine justice in the afterlife. The passages share a common theme of divine judgment and the fate of souls based on their earthly actions.