The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani) · 113 of 357 · tr. E.A. Wallis Budge

Chapter 12 (part 5)

8.

Here [offer] a vase of black beer.

9.

Here [offer] a vase of beer of iron 10.

Here [offer] a vase of beer.

11.

Repeat four times and [offer] unguent of the festival.

12.

Here [offer] heken oil.

13.

Here [offer] a pitcher of seft .

14.

Here [offer] nish-nem oil.

15.

Here [offer] a pitcher of tuat .

16.

Here [offer] ash unguent.

17.

Here [offer] unguent.

18.

Here [offer] stibium and copper.

19.

Here bring two garments.] {p.

cxlii}

Themes

◆Maat Cosmic Ordercosmology

The Egyptian principle of truth, balance, and right order underlying both the cosmos and human conduct; the parallel to Zoroastrian asha and Greek dike.

As an Egyptian funerary text, the offerings listed are intended to maintain Maat (truth and balance) for the deceased in the afterlife.

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◆Prayerpraxis

Direct address to the divine, whether petitionary, contemplative, or liturgical; speech and silence offered upward.

The text functions as a liturgical script instructing the performance of offerings as a form of address to the divine or deceased.

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◆Ritual Puritypraxis

The maintenance of a state of cleanliness—physical, moral, or spiritual—required for encounter with the divine.

The listing of specific unguents, oils, and ash implies the maintenance of ritual cleanliness and consecration required for the deceased's encounter with the divine realm.

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◇Funerary Navigationpraxis

Texts and rituals guiding the soul through death.

[auto] This passage is an excerpt from the Book of the Dead, a text explicitly designed to provide ritual instructions and sustenance for guiding the soul through death and the afterlife.

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