The Mabinogion · 145 of 192 · tr. Lady Charlotte Guest
Tale BRANWEN THE DAUGHTER OF LLYRh
And then he sang an Englyn:— “There is in this bag a different sort of meal, The ready combatant, when the assault is made By his fellow-warriors, prepared for battle.” Thereupon came the hosts unto the house.
The men of the Island of Ireland entered the house on the one side, and the men of the Island of the Mighty on the other.
And as soon as they had sat down there was concord between them; and the sovereignty was conferred upon the boy.
When the peace was concluded, Bendigeid Vran called the boy unto him, and from Bendigeid Vran the boy went unto Manawyddan, and he was beloved by all that beheld him.
And from Manawyddan the boy was called by Nissyen the son of Eurosswydd, and the boy went unto him lovingly.
“Wherefore,” said Evnissyen, “comes not my nephew the son of my sister unto me?
Though he were not king of Ireland, yet willingly would I fondle the boy.” “Cheerfully let him go to thee,” said Bendigeid Vran, and the boy went unto him cheerfully.
“By my confession to Heaven,” said Evnissyen in his heart, “unthought of by the household is the slaughter that I will this instant commit.” Then he arose and took up the boy by the feet, and before any one in the house could seize hold of him, he thrust the boy headlong into the blazing fire.
And when Branwen saw her son burning in the fire, she strove to leap into the fire also, from the place where she sat between her two brothers.
But Bendigeid Vran grasped her with one hand, and his shield with the other.
Then they all hurried about the house, and never was there made so great a tumult by any host in one house as was made by them, as each man armed himself.
Then said Morddwydtyllyon, “The gadflies of Morddwydtyllyon’s Cow!” And while they all sought their arms, Bendigeid Vran supported Branwen between his shield and his shoulder.
Then the Irish kindled a fire under the cauldron of renovation, and they cast the dead bodies into the cauldron until it was full, and the next day they came forth fighting-men as good as before, except that they were not able to speak.
Then when Evnissyen saw the dead bodies of the men of the Island of the Mighty nowhere resuscitated, he said in his heart, “Alas!
woe is me, that I should have been the cause of bringing the men of the Island of the Mighty into so great a strait.
Evil betide me if I find not a deliverance therefrom.” And he cast himself among the dead bodies of the Irish, and two unshod Irishmen came to him, and, taking him to be one of the Irish, flung him into the cauldron.
And he stretched himself out in the cauldron, so that he rent the cauldron into four pieces, and burst his own heart also.
In consequence of that the men of the Island of the Mighty obtained such success as they had; but they were not victorious, for only seven men of them all escaped, and Bendigeid Vran himself was wounded in the foot with a poisoned dart.
Now the seven men that escaped were Pryderi, Manawyddan, Gluneu Eil Taran, Taliesin, Ynawc, Grudyen the son of Muryel, and Heilyn the son of Gwynn Hen.
And Bendigeid Vran commanded them that they should cut off his head.
Themes
◆Animismcosmology
The doctrine and worldview that natural phenomena, places, and objects possess inherent spirit, soul, or personality — and that the cosmos is populated by countless local, plural, embodied divine agents: kami in mountain and tree, sidhe in cairn and well, landwights in field and stone, nymphs in spring and grove, haltija in forest and lake, lares and penates in household and threshold, Iamblichean daemons in element and place. Distinct from monotheism (single transcendent God), pantheism (one underlying substance), and emanation_hierarchy (cascading single source); animism's signature is the plurality, locality, and embodied-in-landscape character of the divine.
The magical properties of the cauldron and the invocation of specific animals imply inherent spiritual power within objects and nature characteristic of Celtic worldview.
Pronoia — the doctrine that the divine actively orders the unfolding of the cosmos and human affairs toward intelligible ends, against pure chance or blind necessity.
Bendigeid Vran's command to cut off his head implies foreknowledge of fate and an ordered unfolding of events despite the tragedy.
Fire serves as the transformative agent for both the boy's death and the magical resurrection of warriors in the cauldron, acting as a medium of power.
The doctrine and practice that spoken or sung word carries causal-magical force — that uttering names, formulas, songs, or incantations alters reality directly rather than merely communicating about it. Vainamoinen's runo-songs that move mountains and command iron, Norse galdr, Vedic mantra, Shinto kotodama, the magician's barbarous names in the Greek Magical Papyri, Iamblichean arcane signatures and inexplicable symbols, biblical creation-by-word. Distinct from sacred_names (the ontological power of names themselves) and prayer (address to the divine); word_power_incantation is the magical-causal efficacy of the spoken word as such.
The singing of the Englyn directly summons the hosts, and the invocation of 'Morddwydtyllyon’s Cow' functions as a magical curse, demonstrating the causal force of spoken words.