The Mabinogion · 45 of 192 · tr. Lady Charlotte Guest
Tale PEREDUR THE SON OF EVRAWCv
“I am the chief miller,” said he, “of all the mills yonder.” “Wilt thou give me lodging?” said Peredur.
“I will, gladly,” he answered.
And Peredur came to the miller’s house, and the miller had a fair and pleasant dwelling.
And Peredur asked money as a loan from the miller, that he might buy meat and liquor for himself and for the household, and he promised that he would pay him again ere he went thence.
And he inquired of the miller, wherefore such a multitude was there assembled.
Said the miller to Peredur, “One thing is certain: either thou art a man from afar, or thou art beside thyself.
The Empress of Cristinobyl the Great is here; and she will have no one but the man who is most valiant; for riches does she not require.
And it was impossible to bring food for so many thousands as are here, therefore were all these mills constructed.” And that night they took their rest.
And the next day Peredur arose, and he equipped himself and his horse for the tournament.
And among the other tents he beheld one, which was the fairest he had ever seen.
And he saw a beauteous maiden leaning her head out of a window of the tent, and he had never seen a maiden more lovely than she.
And upon her was a garment of satin.
And he gazed fixedly on the maiden, and began to love her greatly.
And he remained there, gazing upon the maiden from morning until mid-day, and from mid-day until evening; and then the tournament was ended and he went to his lodging and drew off his armour.
Then he asked money of the miller as a loan, and the miller’s wife was wroth with Peredur; nevertheless, the miller lent him the money.
And the next day he did in like manner as he had done the day before.
And at night he came to his lodging, and took money as a loan from the miller.
And the third day, as he was in the same place, gazing upon the maiden, he felt a hard blow between the neck and the shoulder, from the edge of an axe.
And when he looked behind him, he saw that it was the miller; and the miller said to him, “Do one of two things: either turn thy head from hence, or go to the tournament.” And Peredur smiled on the miller, and went to the tournament; and all that encountered him that day he overthrew.
And as many as he vanquished he sent as a gift to the Empress, and their horses and arms he sent as a gift to the wife of the miller, in payment of the borrowed money.
Peredur attended the tournament until all were overthrown, and he sent all the men to the prison of the Empress, and the horses and arms to the wife of the miller, in payment of the borrowed money.
And the Empress sent to the Knight of the Mill, to ask him to come and visit her.
And Peredur went not for the first nor for the second message.
And the third time she sent a hundred knights to bring him against his will, and they went to him and told him their mission from the Empress.
And Peredur fought well with them, and caused them to be bound like stags, and thrown into the mill-dyke.
And the Empress sought advice of a wise man who was in her counsel; and he said to her, “With thy permission, I will go to him myself.” So he came to Peredur, and saluted him, and besought him, for the sake of the lady of his love, to come and visit the Empress.
Themes
◆Divine Providencetheology
Pronoia — the doctrine that the divine actively orders the unfolding of the cosmos and human affairs toward intelligible ends, against pure chance or blind necessity.
The miller's intervention acts as a guiding force that redirects Peredur from distraction to his destined path of victory.
Bruno's eroici furori — a passionate, ennobling spiritual ardor that drives the soul toward divine wisdom; distinguished from base or animal passions by its orientation to infinite truth.
Peredur displays passionate martial ardor in the tournament, overthrowing all opponents driven by love and honor.