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The Dhammapada · 5 of 5 · tr. F. Max Müller

Chapter XXVI, Section 1e

Him I call indeed a Brâhma n a who calls nothing his own, whether it be before, behind, or between, who is poor, and free from the love of the world. 422. Him I call indeed a Brâhma n a, the manly, the noble, the hero, the great sage, the conqueror, the impassible, the accomplished, the awakened. 423. Him I call indeed a Brâhma n a who knows his former abodes, who sees heaven and hell, has reached the end of births, is perfect in knowledge, a sage, and whose perfections are all perfect.
Themes
Apophatic Theologytheology

Describing the divine only by negation—God transcends all positive categories and concepts; the via negativa.

The definition of Brahmana emphasizes negation ('calls nothing his own') rather than positive attributes.

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Cosmic Consciousnessanthropology

A state of awareness transcending ordinary human consciousness, often involving unity with the universe or higher dimensions.

The ability to know former abodes and see heaven and hell indicates a transcendent awareness of cosmic realms.

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Detachment Gelassenheitpraxis

Eckhart's Abgeschiedenheit/Gelassenheit — radical letting-go of will, image, and grasping that opens the soul to God; distinct from inner_silence (quietness) and from material renunciation, and adjacent to Sufi tark and Buddhist non-grasping as a practice rather than a metaphysical claim.

The passage centrally defines the Brahmana by calling nothing his own and being free from worldly love.

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Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

Salvation is linked to knowing former abodes and being perfect in knowledge rather than ritual.

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Good Thought Word Deedethics

The Zoroastrian triad of right thought, right speech, and right action as the foundation of ethical life; truth-in-living.

The passage lists the Brahmana by attributes like heroism and knowledge, aligning with the triad of right thought and action.

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Inner Lightanthropology

The divine spark or luminous quality residing within the human person, potentially recognisable through introspection.

The awakened sage possesses perfections that are all perfect, implying an internal luminous quality.

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Meditationpraxis

Disciplined inward attention — sitting, focused, or open-awareness practice — as a stand-alone term that umbrellas active_contemplation, inner_silence, and dhyana-style sitting.

The awakened sage implies a state of deep contemplative realization achieved through spiritual practice.

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Opposites Transcendedanthropology

The dissolution of binary oppositions (male/female, inner/outer, above/below) as a mark of spiritual completion.

The Brahmana is described as impassible and accomplished, transcending binary oppositions like poor/free.

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Paradox As Teachingethics

Using apparent contradiction, reversal, or riddle to destabilise ordinary understanding and induce insight.

Calling the poor a Brahmana uses apparent contradiction to destabilize ordinary social values.

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Poverty Of Spiritanthropology

Eckhart's radical reading of Matthew 5:3 — the saint as one who wants nothing, knows nothing, and has nothing, having emptied even the will and the self with which to receive God; distinct from renunciation_of_wealth (material poverty).

The text explicitly defines the Brahmana by being poor and free from love of the world.

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Return To Sourcesoteriology

The soul's journey back to its divine origin, reversing the fall into matter through stages of purification or illumination.

Reaching the end of births implies a return to the origin of existence.

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Self Knowledgesoteriology

The recognition of one's own true divine nature as the primary path to liberation; 'know thyself' as soteriology.

The text emphasizes knowing former abodes and being perfect in knowledge as central to the Brahmana's identity.

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Soul Migrationcosmology

The transmigration of the soul across lives.

The ability to know former abodes implies a belief in the transmigration of the soul across lives.

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Spiritual Ascentpraxis

A staged journey of the soul upward through heavenly realms or levels of being toward the divine source.

Reaching the end of births suggests a movement toward liberation from cyclic existence.

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Related passages · 1 parallel
taoism|Tao Te Ching|Chapter 56
He who knows (the Tao) does not (care to) speak (about it); he who is (ever ready to) speak about it does not know it. He (who knows it) will keep his mouth shut and close the portals (of his nostrils). He will blunt his sharp points and un…”
Both passages describe an enlightened individual who transcends worldly attachments and possesses profound wisdom. The Dhammapada emphasizes knowledge of past lives and perfection, while the Tao Te Ching highlights humility and harmony with others, but both convey the idea of a sage who has achieved a higher state of being.