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The Dhammapada · 2 of 2 · tr. F. Max Müller

Chapter XIII, Section 1b

(4) Arhat, the venerable, the perfect, who has reached the highest stage that can be reached, and from which Nirvâ n a is perceived (sukkhavipassanâ, Lotus, p. 849). See Hardy, Eastern Monachism, p. 280; Burnouf, Introduction, p. 209; Köppen, p. 398; D'Alwis, Attanugaluvansa, p. cxxiv; Feer, Sutra en 42 articles, p. 6.]
Themes
Detachment Gelassenheitpraxis

Eckhart's Abgeschiedenheit/Gelassenheit — radical letting-go of will, image, and grasping that opens the soul to God; distinct from inner_silence (quietness) and from material renunciation, and adjacent to Sufi tark and Buddhist non-grasping as a practice rather than a metaphysical claim.

The term 'Arhat' implies a state of letting go of worldly attachments and desires to reach Nirvana.

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Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

The passage defines the Arhat as one who has reached the highest stage and perceives Nirvana through Sukkhavipassanâ (meditation), emphasizing direct experiential knowledge.

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Kingdom Withinanthropology

The claim that the divine realm is present inside the individual, accessible without external mediation.

Nirvana is perceived internally by the Arhat, indicating the divine realm is accessible within the individual.

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Meditationpraxis

Disciplined inward attention — sitting, focused, or open-awareness practice — as a stand-alone term that umbrellas active_contemplation, inner_silence, and dhyana-style sitting.

The term 'Sukkhavipassanâ' (contemplation of pleasure) directly references meditation as the practice that leads to the perception of Nirvana.

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Mystical Unionsoteriology

The merging of the individual soul or self with the divine, transcending personal identity.

The Arhat is described as having reached the highest stage from which Nirvana is perceived, suggesting a deep connection or union with the divine.

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Return To Sourcesoteriology

The soul's journey back to its divine origin, reversing the fall into matter through stages of purification or illumination.

The Arhat has reached the highest stage that can be reached, implying a return to the origin of existence from which Nirvana is perceived.

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Self Knowledgesoteriology

The recognition of one's own true divine nature as the primary path to liberation; 'know thyself' as soteriology.

Perceiving Nirvana through meditation implies an internal recognition of one's true nature or state.

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Spiritual Ascentpraxis

A staged journey of the soul upward through heavenly realms or levels of being toward the divine source.

The description of reaching the 'highest stage' suggests a progression toward a higher spiritual state.

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Sunyata Emptinesssoteriology

The Buddhist doctrine that all phenomena lack independent self-nature; emptiness as the positive recognition that things arise only in dependence on conditions — distinct from kenoma's mere deficiency.

Nirvana is associated with the perception of Sukkhavipassanâ (emptiness), aligning with the Buddhist doctrine of emptiness.

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Related passages · 1 parallel
neoplatonism|Select Works of Plotinus|Select Works, Section 220 (part 1)
Section 6 6. What, then, is the achieved Sage? One whose Act is determined by the higher phase of the Soul. It does not suffice to perfect virtue to have only this Spirit [equivalent in all men] as cooperator in the life: the acting forc…”
Both passages describe the highest stage of spiritual attainment, with the Arhat in the Dhammapada and the Sage in Plotinus's Select Works. Each text discusses the nature and characteristics of the enlightened individual, highlighting their elevated spiritual state and the transcendence of ordinary human existence.