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Select Works of Plotinus · 302 of 752 · tr. Thomas Taylor

Select Works, Section 290

Section 3 3. Is it a question of part in the sense that, taking one living being, the soul in a finger might be called a part of the soul entire? This would carry the alternative that either there is no soul outside of body, or that- no soul being within body- the thing described as the soul of the universe is, none the less, outside the body of the universe. That is a point to be investigated, but for the present we must consider what kind of soul this parallel would give us. If the particular soul is a part of the All-Soul only in the sense that this bestows itself upon all living things of the partial sphere, such a self-bestowal does not imply division; on the contrary, it is the identical soul that is present everywhere, the one complete thing, multi-present at the one moment: there is no longer question of a soul that is a part against a soul that is an all- especially where an identical power is present. Even difference of function, as in eyes and ears, cannot warrant the assertion of distinct parts concerned in each separate act- with other parts again making allotment of faculty- all is met by the notion of one identical thing, but a thing in which a distinct power operates in each separate function. All the powers are present either in seeing or in hearing; the difference in impression received is due to the difference in the organs concerned; all the varying impressions are our various responses to Ideal-forms that can be taken in a variety of modes. A further proof [of the unity of Soul] is that perception demands a common gathering place; every organ has its distinct function, and is competent only upon its own material, and must interpret each several experience in its own fashion; the judgement upon these impressions must, then, be vested in some one principle, a judge informed upon all that is said and done. But again: "Everywhere, Unity": in the variety of functions if each "part of the soul" were as distinct as are the entrant sensations, none of those parts could have knowledge; awareness would belong only to that judging faculty- or, if local, every such act of awareness would stand quite unrelated to any other. But since the soul is a rational soul, by the very same title by which it is an All-Soul, and is called the rational soul, in the sense of being a whole [and so not merely "reasoning locally"], then what is thought of as a part must in reality be no part but the identity of an unparted thing.
Themes
Body As Obstacleanthropology

The material body viewed as a prison, tomb, or source of error that hinders spiritual knowledge and return.

The passage defers discussion on the 'mode in which soul comes to occupy body,' implying a problematic relationship between soul and matter.

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Correspondencecosmology

The Hermetic axiom that the structure of the cosmos is reflected at every scale — 'as above, so below; as within, so without' — making each level a legible map of the others.

The argument relies on the structural parallel between the human and the universe ('as above, so below') to discuss the soul's origin.

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Cosmic Sympathycosmology

The Stoic and Plotinian doctrine that all parts of the cosmos are bound by hidden affinities, so that a movement in one part resonates through the whole; the metaphysical basis for astrology, magic, and divination.

The idea that we are 'borne along by the Circuit of the All' implies a resonant connection between parts and the whole.

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Divine Providencetheology

Pronoia — the doctrine that the divine actively orders the unfolding of the cosmos and human affairs toward intelligible ends, against pure chance or blind necessity.

The text references the dictum that 'The collective soul cares for all the unensouled,' indicating divine care for the cosmos.

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Divine Sparkscosmology

Fragments of divine light or spirit trapped inside material bodies, awaiting liberation and return to their source.

The text references how things come to be 'receptacles of the divine beings,' hinting at divine presence within material forms.

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Logoscosmology

The divine reason, word, or ordering principle through which the universe was created; mediates between the transcendent God and the material world.

The mention of 'universal Intellect [Divine Mind]' aligns with the concept of divine reason or ordering principle mediating existence.

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Return To Sourcesoteriology

The soul's journey back to its divine origin, reversing the fall into matter through stages of purification or illumination.

The inquiry into 'whence the soul itself springs' implies a concern with the soul's origin and potential return.

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Tripartite Soulanthropology

Division of the human being into three principles: spirit (pneuma), soul (psyche), and body/matter (hyle or soma).

The passage distinguishes between Intellect, Soul, and Body in its discussion of the soul occupying the body.

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Unity Of Beingtheology

The doctrine that all existence is ultimately one substance or one divine reality; non-duality as a theological claim.

The concept of the 'Soul of the All' and being borne along by the 'Circuit of the All' emphasizes cosmic unity.

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Emanation Hierarchycosmology

A chain of divine beings or principles flowing downward from a single transcendent source (the One or the Father), each level less perfect than the one above.

[auto] The text outlines a structural relationship between the universal Intellect, the soul, and the body, implying a descending order of principles.

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Gnosis Direct Knowledgesoteriology

Salvation through direct experiential knowledge of the divine nature, not through faith, ritual, or moral works alone.

[auto] The passage emphasizes minute discussion and investigation to illuminate grave questions about the soul's nature as a path to understanding.

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Kingdom Withinanthropology

The claim that the divine realm is present inside the individual, accessible without external mediation.

[auto] By urging the search for the divine through knowing oneself and the instrument of search, it suggests the divine is accessible internally.

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Microcosm Macrocosmcosmology

The human being as a small-scale image of the entire cosmos; the body, soul, and intellect mirroring the structure of the heavens and the divine — distinct from correspondence in that it makes the human the privileged mirror.

[auto] The text centrally debates the Platonic view that 'As our body is a portion of the body of the All, so our soul is a portion of the soul of the All.'

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Self Knowledgesoteriology

The recognition of one's own true divine nature as the primary path to liberation; 'know thyself' as soteriology.

[auto] The passage explicitly cites the divine ordinance to 'know ourselves' as a primary motivation for the inquiry into the soul.

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Related passages · 7 parallels
christian_mysticism|Pseudo-Dionysius: The Divine Names|Chapter 2, Section 1o
Yet It is a Whole because It includes the true existence of all things, and is Partitive because It contains the principle of separate Individuality whereby Christ possesses a Human Soul distinct from all other human souls, and whereby, too…”
Both passages discuss the unity and multiplicity of the soul or divine essence. Passage A from Plotinus explores the idea of the soul as a unified, multi-present entity, while Passage B from the Christian mystical tradition discusses the Godhead's unity and its manifestation in individual souls and the universe. Both texts grapple with the concept of a singular, transcendent principle that is also immanent in diverse forms.
christian_mysticism|Pseudo-Dionysius: The Divine Names|Chapter 4, Section 1i
an introversion 288 288 ἡ εἰς ἑαυτὴν εἴσοδος. from things without and the unified concentration 289 289 In souls being unified and simplified. See Intr., p. 25. of its spiritual powers—which gives it a kind of fixed revolution, and, tur…”
Both passages discuss the unity and multi-presence of the soul, exploring how it can be whole and undivided while simultaneously present in various functions and aspects. They both delve into the concept of a unified soul that transcends physical divisions, though they come from different mystical traditions.
christian_mysticism|Pseudo-Dionysius: The Divine Names|Chapter 7, Section 1b
(2) Wisdom as a whole = Wisdom embodied in the universe as a whole. (3) Wisdom in each individual instance = Wisdom as shown in the structure of some particular plant or animal, or part of a plant or animal. (1) Is an Emanation; (2) and (…”
Both passages discuss the unity and omnipresence of a higher, non-material intelligence or soul. They explore the idea that this intelligence is not divided but is present in all things, and that it operates in a unified manner despite the diversity of its manifestations.
christian_mysticism|Pseudo-Dionysius: The Divine Names|Chapter 9, Section 1c
For just as, supposing we were in thought to represent the soul itself in bodily shape, and represent this indivisible substance as surrounded by bodily parts, we should, in such a case, give the surrounding parts a different meaning suited…”
Both passages discuss the nature of the divine and the soul, emphasizing the unity and indivisibility of these concepts. They explore how the divine or the soul manifests in different forms and functions without being divided, highlighting the idea of a single, unified principle that underlies all manifestations.
christian_mysticism|The Life and Doctrines of Jacob Boehme|Chapter 9 (part 11)
Unless this distinction of the various aspects of man is kept in mind, we are always exposed to mistaking the leaves of the tree of life for the branches, and the branches for the trunk, and the trunk for the roots. 197:1 Each soul constit…”
Both passages discuss the nature and origin of the soul, exploring how individual souls relate to a universal or divine soul. They both address the idea of the soul's connection to a higher entity and the implications of this relationship.
christian_mysticism|The Life and Doctrines of Jacob Boehme|Chapter 11 (part 7)
48.) "The soul and the Word are not one or one being. The soul is born from the centre of nature, from the essences, and belongs to the body, for she issues from the essences of the body, and attracts to herself the body; but the Word is f…”
Both passages explore the relationship between the human soul and a higher, divine principle. Passage A discusses the soul's origin and its connection to the universal Intellect, while Passage B describes the soul's interaction with the divine Word, highlighting how the Word penetrates and illuminates the soul without altering its essence.
platonism|Plato: Phaedo|Section 1q
Then reflect, Cebes: is not the conclusion of the whole matter this?-that the soul is in the very likeness of the divine, and immortal, and intelligible, and uniform, and indissoluble, and unchangeable; and the body is in the very likeness…”
Both passages discuss the nature of the soul and its relationship to the body, emphasizing the soul's unity and its higher, divine qualities. They both argue for the soul's indestructibility and its separation from the corporeal world, though they use different metaphors and philosophical frameworks.